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Could viruses be used to treat acne?

Scientists have isolated and studied the genomes of 11 viruses, known as phage, that can infect and kill the acne-causing bacterium Propionibacterium acnes, potentially paving the way for topical therapies that use viruses or viral products to treat this vexing skin condition. Their results are reported in the September 25 issue of mBio®, the online open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology.

“There are two fairly obvious potential directions that could exploit this kind of research,” says Graham Hatfull of the University of Pittsburgh, an author of the study. “The first is the possibility of using the phages directly as a therapy for acne. The second is the opportunity to use phage-derived components for their activities.”

P. acnes is a normal resident on human skin, but its numbers increase substantially at puberty, eliciting an inflammatory response that can lead to acne. Although antibiotics can be effective in treating acne, antibiotic-resistant strains of P. acnes have emerged, highlighting the need for better therapies.

Hatfull and his colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh along with scientists from the University of California, Los Angeles, isolated phages and P. acnes bacteria from human volunteers with and without acne, then sequenced the phages’ genomes. What they found in those genomes was surprising. The phages were all remarkably similar, sharing more than 85% of their DNA, an unheard of level of similarity among viruses, which usually exhibit a great deal of diversity. This lack of genetic diversity suggests that resistance to phage-based antimicrobial therapy is less likely to develop, they say.

All of the phages carry a gene that makes a protein called endolysin, an enzyme that is thought to break down bacterial cell walls and kill the bacteria. Enzymes like this are used in other applications, says Hatfull, suggesting that endolysin from these phages might also be useful as a topical anti-acne therapeutic. “This work has given us very useful information about the diversity of that set of enzymes and helps pave the way for thinking about potential applications,” he says.

From here, Hatfull says, research with these phages will explore how they might be used therapeutically, but phages like these can also provide useful tools, like genes and enzymes, that can be used to manipulate and understand the bacteria they infect. “The information derived from these phages helps contribute toward those kinds of genetic tools,” says Hatfull.




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1 thought on “Could viruses be used to treat acne?”

  1. This article is a very interesting read. We are using all different methods to create medications these days, so why not try viruses? I found it extremely interesting that there was an 85% similarity in genes in these viruses, because as the study stated, viruses have so much genetic variability, making it difficult to create drugs against them. My first question about this new therapy was about resistance, since so many cases of acne are antibiotic resistant, why wouldn’t they become virus resistant? I was glad the authors explained that due to the lack of genetic diversity, resistance is less likely to develop. I am interested in learning if the researchers will look for additional applications of phage-based antimicrobial agents besides just acne.

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