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I have an idea which I believe could explain expansion without recourse to 'dark energy'.

I believe that the 3 dimensional universe we see is made up of countless mathematical points; unit dimensions without 'size'... I put the word size in quotations because size, distance, direction etc., are concepts without meaning outside of the 3d world.

I further believe that these unit dimensions, come in three flavours depending upon thier orientation to thier time vector...

If t+ it is force
if t- it is space
if t0 it is non existent as regards the 3d construct.

T+ = giving off a signal
T- = taking in a signal (the opposite of giving off)
T0 = neither giving nor receiving a signal

(the signal I refer to simply causes the unit dimension to flip from T- to T+. As the signal is 'sent' the sender returns to a T- state...

ok so heres the thing... all the empty space we see is T- ; but if there were a statistical chance of a T0 spontaneously becoming T- and becoming space, one might imagine the following scenario:

Just for fun one might say that we could expect one T0 to T- transition to occur in a given volume of space in a certain amount of time... for instance perhaps 1 transition per cubic lightyear per year.

If that were so... then as each transition occurred the distance between bodies would grow and thus the chance that a transition would occur in the intervening space would also rise... so that as bodies get further apart they would seem to accelerate away from one another... yet no momentum would be gained... and no need to resort to dark energy....

BTW this idea also can be used to explain other facts such as why a photon increases frequency with added energy instead of moving faster.