Software
New software is helping scientists get a more complete view of the environment from satellites that orbit the earth. Maps that depict the thickness of the ozone layer, for instance, frequently contain blank spots where a satellite wasn't able to record data on a particular day, explained Noel Cressie, professor of statistics and director of the Program in Spatial Statistics and Environmental Sciences (SSES) at Ohio State University.
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U.S. and Israeli researchers have developed a method for enabling a computer program to scan text in any of a number of languages, including English and Chinese, and autonomously and without previous information infer the underlying rules of grammar. The rules can then be used to generate new and meaningful sentences. The method also works for such data as sheet music or protein sequences.
In reading about the challenges the world faces from China, one is struck by many notable items. Energy infrastructure, human rights, and wage disparity are just a few of the issues that arise, however I'd like to take a moment to talk about intellectual property protection (or the lack thereof) in China and how it might impact the overall picture. More importantly, I'd like to talk about the vast amounts of highly technical and professional software that is being pirated and sold.
New software can help people make better decisions in time-stressed situations
Human teams aided by a software system can make decisions more accurately and quickly in time-stressed situations than teams of just people, according to the Penn State researchers who developed the new software. The researchers tested their software in a military command-and-control simulation which involved intelligence gathering, logistics and force protection.
Computing experts at Cardiff University are developing a super-realistic animation system that simulates the movements of a face, based on speech. The team in the School of Computer Science has developed highly advanced software which is continually learning the facial dynamics associated with a speaker and applying this knowledge to synthesize realistic facial animations. "Our aim is to create sophisticated facial animation through speech," explained Dr David Marshall. "The applications include a new sophistication in film, computer graphics and animation technology -- not just for films and games, but also for educational, mobile telecommunications, advertising, information services and internet applications."
A Cornell research group has discovered serious vulnerabilities in a widely-used peer-to-peer file-sharing program. The weakness in LimeWire, a popular client for the Gnutella file-sharing network, would allow an intruder to read any file on a computer running the program, including confidential information and some password files. The problem occurs in both the free and paid versions of the program, in all operating systems.
New types of insidious programs are burrowing into a variety of embedded systems in cars and cell phones, wreaking all sorts of problems. Here's what Carnegie Mellon University Electrical and Computer Engineering researchers are doing to combat them. A research team led by Adrian Perrig has developed a new software designed to detect remote malicious attacks, such as worms and viruses. Other researchers on the team include graduate student Arvind Seshadri, College of Engineering Dean Pradeep Khosla and IBM researcher Leendert van Doorn.
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The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a new image analysis system designed to help radiologists review computed tomography (CT) images of the chest to aid in the detection of solid nodules in the lungs. Such nodules can be malignant.
Microbiologists have used pattern recognition software to discover the function of yeast genes essential to cell life -- knowledge that could help scientists determine what causes cells to die, as well as what they need to live.
''Given the similarities between the yeast and human genomes, our work should promote advances in genomics research in both yeast and humans.''
State-of-the-art computer models could soon help tennis players and other sportsmen and women improve their tactics and gain a competitive edge over opponents.
In a world-leading initiative, new models are being developed that can assess the effectiveness of sporting tactics more accurately than conventional video techniques.
Based on agency-reported data, U.S. government agencies generally are implementing important common practices for effective patch management, such as performing systems inventories and providing information security training. However, they are not consistently performing others, such as risk assessments and testing all patches before deployment.
Researchers have releases a software program capable of quickly identifying molecules that show promise for future medicines. The software program enables drug makers to comb through enormous databases of potential molecules and identify the ones that have sound medicinal properties. "The trick with drug discovery is to have the drug molecule fit like a key in a lock, because shape affects its performance," said one of the lead researchers. The safety and effectiveness of medicines depend on the shape and chemistry of the molecule. To find the most likely molecules, the new software makes use of two shortcuts in chemistry and math that enable the computer to search a vast molecular database rapidly.
