{"id":115,"date":"2018-02-27T10:01:19","date_gmt":"2018-02-27T10:01:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dereklee.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=115"},"modified":"2018-02-27T10:04:54","modified_gmt":"2018-02-27T10:04:54","slug":"community-based-wildlife-conservation-in-tanzania-yields-ecological-success","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/115\/community-based-wildlife-conservation-in-tanzania-yields-ecological-success\/","title":{"rendered":"Community-Based Wildlife Conservation in Tanzania Yields Ecological Success"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_112\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-112\" style=\"width: 357px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2018\/02\/383A0179.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-112\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2018\/02\/383A0179-300x251.jpg?resize=367%2C307&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Giraffe and Oryx in Randilen WIldlife Management Area, Tanzania, East Africa. Giraffes were among the wildlife species that benefitted from the community-based wildlife conservation area.\" width=\"367\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2018\/02\/383A0179.jpg?resize=300%2C251&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2018\/02\/383A0179.jpg?resize=768%2C643&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2018\/02\/383A0179.jpg?resize=1024%2C857&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-112\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giraffe and Oryx in Randilen WIldlife Management Area, Tanzania, East Africa. Giraffes and Dik-diks were among the wildlife species that benefitted from the community-based wildlife conservation area.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Good news about the environment is rare these days, but in Tanzania there are signs that local wildlife conservation efforts can effectively protect the natural resources that provide the lion\u2019s share of revenue for the economy. Eco-tourism is Tanzania\u2019s largest economic sector and biggest dollar earner for this developing nation, but wildlife populations have suffered in recent decades from poaching and clashes with people involved in other economic activities such as farming and mining. The good news comes from <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmammal\/gyy014\">a new study<\/a> that found community-based wildlife conservation can quickly result in clear ecological success, with the largest and smallest species being among the winners.<\/p>\n<p>Tanzania\u2019s wildlife resources are among the finest in the world and include the last intact fully functioning savanna wilderness ecosystem in Africa with the largest terrestrial mammal migration and a high density of big game. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wttc.org\/-\/media\/files\/reports\/economic-impact-research\/countries-2017\/tanzania2017.pdf\">World Travel and Tourism Council<\/a>, tourism in Tanzania generates around USD $6 billion annually. Tourism brings in 25% of the county\u2019s foreign exchange earnings and regularly surpasses the minerals and energy sectors. Tourism represents 13% of Tanzania\u2019s total GDP, and employs around 700,000 people directly and 1.5 million people indirectly. Tanzania receives more than one million international visitors each year, mostly from Europe and the USA, and the numbers are steadily increasing.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, the benefits of wildlife-based tourism are not shared equally among Tanzanians. There is higher human population density and higher incidence of poverty around protected areas relative to other rural communities, and the rural poor around protected areas depend on bushmeat for the majority of protein in their diets. Additionally, there are complex and non-intuitive interactions among wildlife ecology, the tourism economy, agricultural production, and infrastructure development that complicate the perceived tradeoff between wildlife conservation and human economic development.\u00a0 A <a href=\"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/204341467992501917\/pdf\/96150-REVISED-PN-P150523-PUBLIC-Box393206B.pdf\">World Bank bioeconomic analysis<\/a> found that economic developments such as higher-intensity tourism, mining, road development, and agriculture which degrade existing wildlife resources would result in an overall loss to the Tanzanian economy. In one scenario, a 20% increase in agricultural profits, and a 15% decline in transport costs (due to infrastructure improvements), that caused a 20% decline in wildlife would result in overall GDP declines of about 7 percent.<\/p>\n<p>The World Bank report suggested the most successful overall national development strategy would be to maximize tourism revenue by increasing quality over quantity, and by strengthening linkages with the local economy by sharing benefits with those who live close to tourist attractions. This strategy lies at the heart of community-based natural resource management. Community-based natural resource management is essentially the transference of resource management and user rights from central government agencies to local communities. It is promoted as a conservation tool and has become the dominant paradigm of natural resource conservation worldwide. Tanzania\u2019s approach to community-based natural resource management is through the establishment of Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) whereby several villages set aside land for wildlife conservation in return for the majority of tourism revenues from these areas. This policy promotes wildlife management at the village level by allowing rural communities and private land holders to manage wildlife on their land for their own benefit, often acting as buffers around national parks. Nineteen WMAs are currently operating, encompassing 7% (6.2 million ha) of Tanzania\u2019s land area, with 19 more WMAs planned.<\/p>\n<p>The effectiveness of community-based natural resource management projects for biodiversity protection is not well known because their ecological outcomes are rarely rigorously assessed. In <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/109\/52\/21265\">a recent meta-analysis<\/a>, only 13% of 159 projects included quantification of ecological outcomes. Fortunately for Tanzania, their experiment with Wildlife Management Areas was carefully analyzed in <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmammal\/gyy014\">a paper published this week in the Journal of Mammalogy<\/a>. Scientists from the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wildnatureinstitute.org\/\">Wild Nature Institute<\/a> studying the newly formed Randilen Wildlife Management Area documented significantly higher densities of giraffes and dik-diks, and lower densities of cattle in the WMA relative to an unprotected control site.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Derek Lee, lead author of the study and Principal Scientist at Wild Nature Institute said, \u201cThere have been social and economic critiques of WMAs, but the ecological value or success of WMAs for wildlife conservation had never been quantified. Our data demonstrated that WMA establishment and management had positive ecological outcomes in the form of higher wildlife densities and lower livestock densities. This met our definition of ecological success, and hopefully these results will encourage more community-based conservation efforts.\u201d The positive ecological effects were clearly the result of the WMA because the study found similar wildlife and livestock densities in both the WMA and control sites before WMA establishment, when both were managed by the same authority.<\/p>\n<p>Most community-based natural resource management programs are aimed at promoting conservation while improving people\u2019s standards of living. The Randilen study did not assess changes to local human livelihoods, and that aspect should be formally quantified for WMAs. In the meantime, financial benefits are accruing, and communities have more power and resources with which they can better manage their land and wildlife. Villages are now receiving a direct share of income from wildlife tourism, and the Randilen study has shown that WMAs can provide effective wildlife conservation for areas that are ecologically important. Although most community-based natural resource management programs have only <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bioone.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1641\/0006-3568%282000%29050%5B0585%3ACWIAIC%5D2.0.CO%3B2\">limited success<\/a> at achieving both conservation and human development goals, the concept appears to be the best opportunity for Tanzania to retain its place as one of the most famous and profitable wildlife tourism destinations while also sustainably developing other economic sectors and alleviating rural poverty.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Citation (open access):<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmammal\/gyy014\">Lee DE, Bond ML. 2018. Quantifying the ecological success of a community-based wildlife conservation area in Tanzania. Journal of Mammalogy. DOI:10.1093\/jmammal\/gyy014<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Good news about the environment is rare these days, but in Tanzania there are signs that local wildlife conservation efforts can effectively protect the natural resources that provide the lion\u2019s share of revenue for the economy. Eco-tourism is Tanzania\u2019s largest economic sector and biggest dollar earner for this developing nation, but wildlife populations have suffered &#8230; <a title=\"Community-Based Wildlife Conservation in Tanzania Yields Ecological Success\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/115\/community-based-wildlife-conservation-in-tanzania-yields-ecological-success\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Community-Based Wildlife Conservation in Tanzania Yields Ecological Success\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":284,"featured_media":116,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[22,2,21,3],"tags":[5,6,7,4,23],"class_list":["post-115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animal","category-ecology","category-giraffe","category-wildlife-conservation","tag-animals","tag-giraffe","tag-wild-nature-institute","tag-wildlife","tag-wildlife-conservation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Community-Based Wildlife Conservation in Tanzania Yields Ecological Success - Derek Lee<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/115\/community-based-wildlife-conservation-in-tanzania-yields-ecological-success\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Community-Based Wildlife Conservation in Tanzania Yields Ecological Success\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Good news about the environment is rare these days, but in Tanzania there are signs that local wildlife conservation efforts can effectively protect the natural resources that provide the lion\u2019s share of revenue for the economy. Eco-tourism is Tanzania\u2019s largest economic sector and biggest dollar earner for this developing nation, but wildlife populations have suffered ... 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Current research investigates Masai Giraffe and other large mammal populations within a fragmented landscape in Tanzania. This work examines how births, deaths, and movements of ungulates are impacted by increasingly fragmented wildlife habitat, and what conservation actions are most effective. He spent 10 years researching the impacts of climate and ocean conditions on survival, reproduction, and population growth rates of marine predators such as northern elephant seals, Common Murres, and Cassin's Auklets at the South Farallon Islands, California. His work was included in a conservation and management plan for seabirds in the California Current. He also studied migration of Black Brant in Humboldt Bay as well as fire ecology of small mammals in California's oak woodlands and California Spotted Owls in the Sierra Nevada.\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/www.wildnatureinstitute.org\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/dereklee\\\/author\\\/dereklee\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Community-Based Wildlife Conservation in Tanzania Yields Ecological Success - Derek Lee","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/115\/community-based-wildlife-conservation-in-tanzania-yields-ecological-success\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Community-Based Wildlife Conservation in Tanzania Yields Ecological Success","og_description":"Good news about the environment is rare these days, but in Tanzania there are signs that local wildlife conservation efforts can effectively protect the natural resources that provide the lion\u2019s share of revenue for the economy. Eco-tourism is Tanzania\u2019s largest economic sector and biggest dollar earner for this developing nation, but wildlife populations have suffered ... 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Dik-diks were among the wildlife species that benefitted from the community-based wildlife conservation area."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/115\/community-based-wildlife-conservation-in-tanzania-yields-ecological-success\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Community-Based Wildlife Conservation in Tanzania Yields Ecological Success"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/#website","url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/","name":"Derek Lee","description":"Wild Nature Institute","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/#organization","name":"Derek Lee","url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/04\/cropped-WNI-Three-Line-Logo.jpg?fit=2303%2C1149&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/04\/cropped-WNI-Three-Line-Logo.jpg?fit=2303%2C1149&ssl=1","width":2303,"height":1149,"caption":"Derek Lee"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/#\/schema\/person\/41b42fba55c50c75d88b1a44c47d067c","name":"Derek Lee","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/795f1f3e792a49d904ae6ad8e9f57bb1db46f9b16a8a56beb88756e38c9650ba?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/795f1f3e792a49d904ae6ad8e9f57bb1db46f9b16a8a56beb88756e38c9650ba?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/795f1f3e792a49d904ae6ad8e9f57bb1db46f9b16a8a56beb88756e38c9650ba?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Derek Lee"},"description":"Derek Lee\ufeff, PhD, is a quantitative wildlife biologist with expertise in conservation demography and population ecology. Current research investigates Masai Giraffe and other large mammal populations within a fragmented landscape in Tanzania. This work examines how births, deaths, and movements of ungulates are impacted by increasingly fragmented wildlife habitat, and what conservation actions are most effective. He spent 10 years researching the impacts of climate and ocean conditions on survival, reproduction, and population growth rates of marine predators such as northern elephant seals, Common Murres, and Cassin's Auklets at the South Farallon Islands, California. His work was included in a conservation and management plan for seabirds in the California Current. He also studied migration of Black Brant in Humboldt Bay as well as fire ecology of small mammals in California's oak woodlands and California Spotted Owls in the Sierra Nevada.","sameAs":["http:\/\/www.wildnatureinstitute.org"],"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/author\/dereklee\/"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2018\/02\/0DikDikFUNK.jpg?fit=1307%2C1112&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pgtNOJ-1R","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":154,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/154\/community-wildlife-management-areas-are-successfully-conserving-wildlife-in-tanzania\/","url_meta":{"origin":115,"position":0},"title":"Community Wildlife Management Areas Are Successfully Conserving Wildlife in Tanzania","author":"Derek Lee","date":"August 10, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A new study found community-based wildlife conservation in Tanzania can quickly result in clear ecological success by benefitting giraffes and other wildlife species. Arusha, TANZANIA, 10 August 2018- Community-based natural resource management is a grassroots conservation tool that has become one of the dominant paradigms of natural resource conservation\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;animal&quot;","block_context":{"text":"animal","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/category\/animal\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A group of Masai Giraffes in the Tarangire Ecosystem.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/05\/MRgangFunky.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/05\/MRgangFunky.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/05\/MRgangFunky.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/05\/MRgangFunky.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/05\/MRgangFunky.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":48,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/48\/five-wildlife-protection-groups-petitioned-the-u-s-fish-and-wildlife-service-to-protect-giraffes-under-the-u-s-endangered-species-act\/","url_meta":{"origin":115,"position":1},"title":"Five Wildlife Protection Groups Petitioned the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to Protect Giraffes under the U.S. Endangered Species Act","author":"Derek Lee","date":"April 19, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"In response to recent scientific consensus on giraffes' vulnerability to extinction, five wildlife protection groups today petitioned the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to protect Earth's tallest land animal under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. The legal petition, filed by the Center for Biological Diversity, Humane Society International, The Humane\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;animal&quot;","block_context":{"text":"animal","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/category\/animal\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Picture of Giraffes in Tanzania, WIld Nature Institute","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2016\/12\/giraffe01_funky_web.png?fit=878%2C490&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2016\/12\/giraffe01_funky_web.png?fit=878%2C490&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2016\/12\/giraffe01_funky_web.png?fit=878%2C490&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2016\/12\/giraffe01_funky_web.png?fit=878%2C490&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":124,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/124\/giraffe-skin-disease-linked-to-soil-fertility\/","url_meta":{"origin":115,"position":2},"title":"Giraffe Skin Disease Linked to Soil Fertility","author":"Derek Lee","date":"April 3, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Giraffe Skin Disease is a disorder of the skin that is characterized by crusty lesions on the back side of the front legs of adult Masai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) the only subspecies in Tanzania.\u00a0Lesions such as the ones shown in this picture on the forelimbs indicate Giraffe Skin Disease.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;animal&quot;","block_context":{"text":"animal","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/category\/animal\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Giraffe in Tarangire National Park","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2018\/04\/GirHeadFunk.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2018\/04\/GirHeadFunk.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2018\/04\/GirHeadFunk.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2018\/04\/GirHeadFunk.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":337,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/337\/the-best-way-to-save-giraffes-is-to-support-wildlife-law-enforcement-and-end-poaching\/","url_meta":{"origin":115,"position":3},"title":"The Best Way to Save Giraffes is to Support Wildlife Law Enforcement and End Poaching","author":"Derek Lee","date":"October 11, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Iconic animals such as giraffes can be flagship species for conservation because of their charisma and popularity among the public. A new study explored the various threats to giraffe populations, and how specific human actions can mediate those threats so that giraffes and people can thrive together in African savannas.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;animal&quot;","block_context":{"text":"animal","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/category\/animal\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"giraffes","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/02\/giraffesngo_orig.jpg?fit=1024%2C385&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/02\/giraffesngo_orig.jpg?fit=1024%2C385&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/02\/giraffesngo_orig.jpg?fit=1024%2C385&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/02\/giraffesngo_orig.jpg?fit=1024%2C385&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":23,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/23\/big-data-for-big-animals-part-3\/","url_meta":{"origin":115,"position":4},"title":"Big Data for Big Animals: Part 3","author":"Derek Lee","date":"November 27, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Wild Nature Institute Giraffe Research Uses Big Data Tools Part 3: Velocity, Volume, and Variety in Tall Data for Giraffe Conservation Giraffes are big animals, so scientists have turned to big data solutions for giraffe conservation.\u00a0 Researchers from the Wild Nature Institute are conducting one of the largest-scale big mammal\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;ecology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"ecology","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/category\/ecology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":322,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/322\/giraffe-girl-gangs-are-important-to-giraffe-populations\/","url_meta":{"origin":115,"position":5},"title":"Giraffe Girl Gangs are Important to Giraffe Populations","author":"Derek Lee","date":"April 8, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Female Masai giraffes live in distinct social communities of up to 90 other friends, and although areas used by these \u2018girl gangs\u2019 often overlap, they have very different rates of reproduction and calf survival. This means the girl gang social units may be important to giraffe evolution. These findings were\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;animal&quot;","block_context":{"text":"animal","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/category\/animal\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/04\/DryGiraffes.jpg?fit=908%2C956&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/04\/DryGiraffes.jpg?fit=908%2C956&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/04\/DryGiraffes.jpg?fit=908%2C956&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/04\/DryGiraffes.jpg?fit=908%2C956&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/284"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=115"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/dereklee\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}