{"id":34766,"date":"2011-01-11T14:53:24","date_gmt":"2011-01-11T19:53:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fredbortz.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=34766"},"modified":"2011-07-12T22:35:31","modified_gmt":"2011-07-12T22:35:31","slug":"anti-matter-beaming-out-into-space-from-earth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/fredbortz\/34766\/anti-matter-beaming-out-into-space-from-earth\/","title":{"rendered":"Anti-matter beaming out into space from Earth"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sometimes the news releases that cross my desk astonish me. This was one of them. It comes from NASA&#8217;s Fermi Gamma Ray Telescope.<\/p>\n<p>Fermi was launched in 2008, replacing the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) that was deorbited in 2000.  I write about CGRO in the chapter on The Great Observatories in my new book <A HREF=\"http:\/\/www.fredbortz.com\/7WSpaceTech.htm\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fredbortz.com\/7WSpaceTechCoverMed.jpg\" alt=\"7WSpaceTech Book Cover\" \/><em>Seven Wonders of Space Technology<\/em><\/A><br \/>\n<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>ADDENDUM: <A HREF=\"http:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/science-news\/science-at-nasa\/2010\/11jan_antimatter\/\" \/>Here&#8217;s a link to a NASA Science article with great images<\/A>. You will probably like it even better than the news release, which follows.<\/p>\n<p>January 10, 2011<\/p>\n<p>Contacts:<br \/>\nTrent Perrotto<br \/>\nHeadquarters, Washington<br \/>\n+1 202-358-0321<br \/>\ntrent.j.perrotto@nasa.gov<\/p>\n<p>Janet Anderson<br \/>\nMarshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.<br \/>\n+1 256-544-6162<br \/>\njanet.l.anderson@nasa.gov<\/p>\n<p>Text, images, and animations:<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/GLAST\/news\/fermi-thunderstorms.html<\/p>\n<p>NASA\u2019S FERMI CATCHES THUNDERSTORMS<br \/>\nHURLING ANTIMATTER INTO SPACE<\/p>\n<p>Scientists using NASA\u2019s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have detected<br \/>\nbeams of antimatter produced above thunderstorms on Earth, a<br \/>\nphenomenon never seen before.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists think the antimatter particles were formed in a terrestrial<br \/>\ngamma-ray flash (TGF), a brief burst produced inside thunderstorms and<br \/>\nshown to be associated with lightning. It is estimated that about 500<br \/>\nTGFs occur daily worldwide, but most go undetected.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese signals are the first direct evidence that thunderstorms make<br \/>\nantimatter particle beams,\u201d said Michael Briggs, a member of Fermi\u2019s<br \/>\nGamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) team at the University of Alabama in<br \/>\nHuntsville (UAH). He presented the findings Monday, during a news<br \/>\nbriefing at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Seattle.<\/p>\n<p>Fermi is designed to monitor gamma rays, the highest energy form of<br \/>\nlight. When antimatter striking Fermi collides with a particle of<br \/>\nnormal matter, both particles immediately are annihilated and<br \/>\ntransformed into gamma rays. The GBM has detected gamma rays with<br \/>\nenergies of 511,000 electron volts, a signal indicating an electron<br \/>\nhas met its antimatter counterpart, a positron.<\/p>\n<p>Although Fermi\u2019s GBM is designed to observe high-energy events in the<br \/>\nuniverse, it\u2019s also providing valuable insights into this strange<br \/>\nphenomenon. The GBM constantly monitors the entire celestial sky above<br \/>\nand the Earth below. The GBM team has identified 130 TGFs since<br \/>\nFermi\u2019s launch in 2008.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn orbit for less than three years, the Fermi mission has proven to<br \/>\nbe an amazing tool to probe the universe. Now we learn that it can<br \/>\ndiscover mysteries much, much closer to home,\u201d said Ilana Harrus,<br \/>\nFermi program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington.<\/p>\n<p>The spacecraft was located immediately above a thunderstorm for most<br \/>\nof the observed TGFs, but in four cases, storms were far from Fermi.<br \/>\nIn addition, lightning-generated radio signals detected by a global<br \/>\nmonitoring network indicated the only lightning at the time was<br \/>\nhundreds or more miles away. During one TGF, which occurred on Dec.<br \/>\n14, 2009, Fermi was located over Egypt. But the active storm was in<br \/>\nZambia, some 2,800 miles to the south. The distant storm was below<br \/>\nFermi\u2019s horizon, so any gamma rays it produced could not have been<br \/>\ndetected.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEven though Fermi couldn\u2019t see the storm, the spacecraft nevertheless<br \/>\nwas magnetically connected to it,\u201d said Joseph Dwyer at the Florida<br \/>\nInstitute of Technology in Melbourne, Fla. \u201cThe TGF produced<br \/>\nhigh-speed electrons and positrons, which then rode up Earth\u2019s<br \/>\nmagnetic field to strike the spacecraft.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The beam continued past Fermi, reached a location, known as a mirror<br \/>\npoint, where its motion was reversed, and then hit the spacecraft a<br \/>\nsecond time just 23 milliseconds later. Each time, positrons in the<br \/>\nbeam collided with electrons in the spacecraft. The particles<br \/>\nannihilated each other, emitting gamma rays detected by Fermi\u2019s GBM.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists long have suspected TGFs arise from the strong electric<br \/>\nfields near the tops of thunderstorms. Under the right conditions,<br \/>\nthey say, the field becomes strong enough that it drives an upward<br \/>\navalanche of electrons. Reaching speeds nearly as fast as light, the<br \/>\nhigh-energy electrons give off gamma rays when they\u2019re deflected by<br \/>\nair molecules. Normally, these gamma rays are detected as a TGF.<\/p>\n<p>But the cascading electrons produce so many gamma rays that they blast<br \/>\nelectrons and positrons clear out of the atmosphere. This happens when<br \/>\nthe gamma-ray energy transforms into a pair of particles: an electron<br \/>\nand a positron. It\u2019s these particles that reach Fermi\u2019s orbit.<\/p>\n<p>The detection of positrons shows many high-energy particles are being<br \/>\nejected from the atmosphere. In fact, scientists now think that all<br \/>\nTGFs emit electron\/positron beams. A paper on the findings has been<br \/>\naccepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Fermi results put us a step closer to understanding how TGFs<br \/>\nwork,\u201d said Steven Cummer at Duke University. \u201cWe still have to figure<br \/>\nout what is special about these storms and the precise role lightning<br \/>\nplays in the process.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>                          # # #<\/p>\n<p>NASA\u2019s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is an astrophysics and particle<br \/>\nphysics partnership. It is managed by NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight<br \/>\nCenter in Greenbelt, Md. It was developed in collaboration with the<br \/>\nU.S. Department of Energy, with important contributions from academic<br \/>\ninstitutions and partners in France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden and<br \/>\nthe United States.<\/p>\n<p>The GBM Instrument Operations Center is located at the National Space<br \/>\nScience Technology Center in Huntsville, Ala. The team includes a<br \/>\ncollaboration of scientists from UAH, NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight<br \/>\nCenter in Huntsville, the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial<br \/>\nPhysics in Germany and other institutions.<\/p>\n<p>More Fermi information, images and animations:<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/fermi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sometimes the news releases that cross my desk astonish me. This was one of them. It comes from NASA&#8217;s Fermi Gamma Ray Telescope. Fermi was launched in 2008, replacing the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) that was deorbited in 2000. I write about CGRO in the chapter on The Great Observatories in my new book &#8230; <a title=\"Anti-matter beaming out into space from Earth\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/fredbortz\/34766\/anti-matter-beaming-out-into-space-from-earth\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Anti-matter beaming out into space from Earth\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16,17,23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics","category-planetary-science","category-space-and-astronomy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Anti-matter beaming out into space from Earth - Fred Bortz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/fredbortz\/34766\/anti-matter-beaming-out-into-space-from-earth\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Anti-matter beaming out into space from Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sometimes the news releases that cross my desk astonish me. This was one of them. It comes from NASA&#8217;s Fermi Gamma Ray Telescope. Fermi was launched in 2008, replacing the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) that was deorbited in 2000. I write about CGRO in the chapter on The Great Observatories in my new book ... 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