{"id":16,"date":"2011-04-01T07:21:48","date_gmt":"2011-04-01T12:21:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/genotopia.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=16"},"modified":"2011-07-13T16:50:51","modified_gmt":"2011-07-13T16:50:51","slug":"human-theome-project-sets-sights-on-2012","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/genotopia\/16\/human-theome-project-sets-sights-on-2012\/","title":{"rendered":"Human Theome Project sets sights on 2012"},"content":{"rendered":"

Joe and Mary Juke are models of piety. They attend services twice a week, are active in faith-based charity organizations, and their house brims tastefully with Christian iconography and literature. They describe themselves as \u201cfundamentalists,\u201d although Joe is quick to emphasize, \u201cWe\u2019re moderate fundamentalists\u2014we don\u2019t bomb clinics or anything.\u201d They are planning to have a family, and they are making sure to create a pious environment for their children. They know that the setting in which a child is raised helps determine the kind of adult he or she becomes.<\/p>\n

But for the Jukes, books, icons, and saying \u201cGrace\u201d are not enough. In what is being cited as a milestone in personal genomics, Joe and Mary have taken steps to ensure their baby is religious\u2014by selecting its genes.<\/p>\n

Using preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), a combination of genetic screening and in vitro fertilization (IVF), Joe and Mary are loading the genetic dice for their progeny, selecting embryos that carry the traits they want in little Joe Jr. (or mini-Mary). Modern techniques allow them to select for a wide range of qualities, from avoiding hereditary diseases, to selecting eye, hair, and skin color, to shaping aspects of personality. For example, choosing a combination of half a dozen genes allows them to add a cumulative 40 points to their unborn child\u2019s IQ. Many of these tests have been available for years, although they have only recently begun to be available to consumers. But the most striking decision in their family-planning process was to expressly select for embryos that will grow up to be religious, because they carry the allele known colloquially as the \u201cgod gene.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cIt kind of gives a whole new meaning to the phrase, \u201cChosen One,\u201d Mary says.<\/p>\n

Sequencing the human theome<\/em><\/p>\n

The gene, which was identified statistically in twins in a study published in 2005<\/a>, was recently cloned and sequenced, as reported in the online journal Nature Theology<\/em>. Dubbed yhwh1<\/em>, the gene correlates strongly with feelings of religious fervor. Studies show that the gene encodes a protein that is expressed in a part of the brain called Chardin\u2019s area 86, long associated with religious activity and, strangely, anterograde amnesia. One famous patient was Guineas Phage, a virologist who suffered an injury with a pipetteman that resulted in a plastic tube being driven precisely into area 86; he spent the last two decades of his life on a constant pilgrimage along US Route 66 between Kingman and Barstow, accompanied by his wife, Winona, whom he continually left behind at gas stations.<\/p>\n

Particular expression of religiosity in a given individual varies according to environment; what is inherited is the capacity for intense religious experience and evangelism. First described in the Amish in a classic study of the 1960s, the trait was described as an autosomal recessive with high penetrance, and was linked to a rare inherited form of dwarfism. Recent analyses have also found the trait occurring at high frequency among charismatic ministers, shamans, and suicide bombers.<\/p>\n

The yhwh1<\/em> allele is one of the latest findings in the burgeoning field of \u201ctheomics,\u201d which aims to identify all genes associated with the practice of preaching, as well as general feelings of spirituality. Researchers plan to complete the Human Theome Project by December 21, 2012, when, according to ABC News<\/a>, the world as we know it may come to an end. Here are some of the most exciting new findings of the HTP:<\/p>\n

\u25aa\u00a0\u00a0 Scientists estimate that at least 400 genes are involved with religious feelings or activity.<\/p>\n

\u25aa\u00a0\u00a0 A related project seeks to uncover the epigenetics of evangelism, which is thought to be caused by methylation of regions of the X chromosome, a reversible process that can profoundly affect gene expression.<\/p>\n

\u25aa\u00a0\u00a0 A newly discovered kinase, called Bub666, is strongly correlated with atheism. It seems to be responsible for the breakdown of yhwh1<\/em>, suggesting that biochemists are approaching a mechanistic explanation of religious experience.<\/p>\n

\u25aa\u00a0\u00a0 Rocker Ozzy Osborne has had his genome sequenced. Preliminary results show 85% homology with a Presbyterian minister from Des Moines.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s tremendously exciting research,\u201d said Mary Magdalene-Gohdtsdottir, a senior researcher in the University of Utah\u2019s Department of Omics. \u201cJust think of it: the genes<\/em> for God<\/em>! Isn\u2019t that cool?\u201d Indeed, the federal government thinks so. NIH Director Francis Collins, a molecular biologist and born-again Christian, has recently created a National Institute of the Molecular Biology of Yahweh (NIMBY), with an annual research budget of $400\/year, as part of the government\u2019s effort to support faith-based initiatives in biomedicine.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

But is it science?<\/em><\/p>\n

Some critics have called the Jukes\u2019 actions a step toward eugenics, described in the 1920s as the \u201cself-direction of human evolution.\u201d They see religiosity as a gift, not something that can be ordered from a catalog. \u201cThis is an outrage,\u201d said the Reverend Reginald S. Inkblot, of Southboro Baptist Church in Onan, Kansas. \u201cReligion can\u2019t be in your genes. Science can\u2019t explain it. It\u2019s just a part of who…you…um, are. It\u2019s just in your…uh, yea.\u201d He brightened momentarily and added, \u201cIf God had wanted us to be religious, he would have….oh, wait. Damn!\u201d<\/p>\n

Others are appalled that religion would receive scientific consideration from scientific foundations at all. Dick Dorkins, President of the atheistic Society for the Prevention of Intelligent design, Theology, Or Other Nonsense (SPITOON), calls the entire effort a \u201ctravesty.\u201d \u201cIf I must check my brain at the church-house door,\u201d he said in a Skype interview, \u201cthen you must check your soul at the laboratory door. Come on\u2014be fair.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Dorkins worries that should the procedure become widespread, it could lead to nonreligious persecution. If those chosen by PGD tend to express genes such as yhwh1<\/em>, scientists predict, it could lead to changes in gene frequency across the population. Dorkins envisions a dystopian scenario in which an atheistic underclass washes the wineglasses and polishes the pews for their genetic spiritual superiors. \u201cIt will be GATTACA<\/em> crossed with The Ten Commandments,\u201d <\/em>Dorkins said, an audible quiver in his voice.<\/p>\n

Evolution in religious hands<\/em><\/p>\n

Some theologians have condemned in vitro fertilization because it normally results in the destruction of unused embryos. However, new gene therapy techniques make it possible to link a \u201csuicide gene\u201d to alternative forms of the desired genes in Joe\u2019s sperm samples; thus, only sperm that carry the traits they want survive to fertilize Mary\u2019s eggs. No embryos are destroyed in the process. This makes in vitro fertilization acceptable to many pro-life Christians.<\/p>\n

Joe and Mary dismiss critics who say they are taking evolution into their own hands. \u201cThat\u2019s just your theory,\u201d says Joe. They view their decision to choose the religiosity of their unborn child as a command from above. \u201cWWJC?,\u201d Mary asks. \u201cWho would Jesus clone?\u201d<\/p>\n

Ironically, as Biblical literalists, the Jukes dismiss Darwinian evolution as \u201cunproven.\u201d To them, the earth is 4,000 years old, and all the types of animals in the world today were on Noah\u2019s Ark. They see themselves as spearheading a Crusade of believers into biomedicine.<\/p>\n

His eye acquiring that spark of evangelism that is a tell-tale sign of heavy methylation at Xq66, Joe\u2019s voice deepened and he intoned, \u201cThe heresy of modern science will only be righted when human evolution is safely in the hands of people who do not believe in it.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Joe and Mary Juke are models of piety. They attend services twice a week, are active in faith-based charity organizations, and their house brims tastefully with Christian iconography and literature. They describe themselves as \u201cfundamentalists,\u201d although Joe is quick to emphasize, \u201cWe\u2019re moderate fundamentalists\u2014we don\u2019t bomb clinics or anything.\u201d They are planning to have a … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[35,39,40,51,98,107],"class_list":["post-16","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-satire","tag-fertilization-ivf","tag-genetic-diagnosis","tag-genetic-dice","tag-hereditary-diseases","tag-t-bomb","tag-vitro-fertilization"],"yoast_head":"\nHuman Theome Project sets sights on 2012 - Genotopia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/genotopia\/16\/human-theome-project-sets-sights-on-2012\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Human Theome Project sets sights on 2012\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Joe and Mary Juke are models of piety. 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