{"id":1009,"date":"2019-10-08T10:38:03","date_gmt":"2019-10-08T10:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=1009"},"modified":"2019-10-08T10:38:03","modified_gmt":"2019-10-08T10:38:03","slug":"non-antibiotic-cures-for-cows-could-speed-up-treatments-for-people","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/1009\/non-antibiotic-cures-for-cows-could-speed-up-treatments-for-people\/","title":{"rendered":"Non-antibiotic cures for cows could speed up treatments for people"},"content":{"rendered":"

by Gareth Willmer<\/p>\n

As the global antibiotic resistance crisis grows, chemical-based aerosol sprays and electrical signals to wake up the immune system are being developed to treat cow infections. These non-antibiotic therapies for livestock could also help to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance through the human food chain.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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The animal sector, which uses drugs to boost animal growth as well as treat infection, is thought to account for around\u00a080% of the consumption of medically important antibiotics<\/a> in some countries.<\/p>\n

In November 2018, the EU\u00a0adopted regulations<\/a>\u00a0to ban the preventative use of antibiotics in animals and using antibiotics to promote growth and increase yield.<\/p>\n

But\u00a0finding alternative\u00a0ways to treat disease in livestock that do not fuel antibiotic resistance is crucial for the future health of both animals and humans. These efforts could also help speed up the development of non-antibiotic treatments for people.<\/p>\n

\u2018Animal health and human health go hand-in-hand,\u2019 said Dr Ruairi Friel, CEO of biopharmaceutical company Westway Health in Galway, Ireland, which is developing a range of non-antibiotic technologies to treat animal and human diseases. \u2018There are a lot of things we can do on the animal side and transfer and hopefully expedite elements in the human sphere.\u2019<\/p>\n

In a project called\u00a0PanaMast<\/a>, Westway has been developing a new non-antibiotic therapy that it hopes could be available for cows by 2021 or 2022, pending European regulatory approval.<\/p>\n

Dr Friel says evidence so far is that the technology looks promising for application on a wider scale. \u2018We think it\u2019s a great platform as a broad antimicrobial therapy, whether it be for animal or human health,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

An advantage of going down the livestock route first is that it\u2019s far quicker and less costly to get approvals for use in the dairy industry, says Dr Friel \u2013\u00a0and if the general technique can be shown to work, it could then speed up development of alternatives to antibiotics for humans.<\/p>\n

Mastitis<\/strong><\/p>\n

PanaMast\u2019s focus has been on creating what it claims would be the first non-antibiotic medicine for bovine mastitis \u2013 a true scourge of dairy farming caused by a variety of sources including bacteria that leads to inflammation of cows\u2019 mammary glands and udders.\u00a0Some estimates in the UK<\/a>\u00a0suggest herds see\u00a040 or more cases<\/a> annually per hundred cows, lowering milk production and leading to culling.<\/p>\n

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‘There are a lot of things we can do on the animal side and transfer and hopefully expedite elements in the human sphere.’<\/p>\n

Dr Ruairi Friel, Westway Health, Galway, Ireland<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n

PanaMast uses a method developed by Westway called long-acting reactive species (LARS). This technique, which combines two medically approved, well-established chemicals into a \u2018reactive oxygen species\u2019 that kills the bacteria, can be administered in a number of ways, including via injection or aerosol.\u00a0Dr Friel estimates that the technique could save farmers around \u20ac150 per mastitis case.<\/p>\n

\u2018In some of the early trials, we tested it on cows that (were) on the way to the abattoir. All the treatments previously used on them just weren\u2019t working and the farmer had given up on them,\u2019 he said. \u2018But after our treatment, we\u2019d follow up at these farms one or two years later and the cow would still be in the herd, still producing large volumes of milk.\u2019<\/p>\n

Part of the reason for its high hit rate, says Dr Friel, is that the medicine targets a large number of locations on the bacteria themselves \u2013 about six to eight \u2013 compared with often just a single site for antibiotic treatments. He adds that the risk of mutation is lowered by targeting fundamental parts of the bacteria\u2019s physiology, such as protein bonds.<\/p>\n

Dr Friel\u2019s team has trialled the method on multiple bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant\u00a0Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus<\/em>\u00a0(MRSA), and has found it to work against all of them so far without inducing either resistance to the treatment or cross-resistance to other drugs as a side-effect. Nor does it seem to negatively affect milk, whereas treatment with antibiotics can hold up sales for over a week to prevent residues entering the food chain.<\/p>\n

On top of all that, PanaMast believes its method is much more effective than current treatments, reporting a cure rate of 70% in trials for mastitis caused by\u00a0Staphylococcus aureus<\/em>, compared to 15% or less with antibiotics \u2013 though Dr Friel says larger-scale studies are needed to substantiate the results.<\/p>\n

Electrical signals<\/strong><\/p>\n

A different approach to treating mastitis that cuts out medicine altogether involves using electrical signals to induce the cow\u2019s immune system to destroy the bacteria.<\/p>\n

The technology, a decade and a half in the making and currently being trialled on a limited basis, was created by the Israel-based medical technology company Prise Systems and further developed in a project called\u00a0HealMastitis<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The technique involves computer analysis on the mastitis pathogens present on a farm. Pathogens, like any living organism, have a unique set of electrical signals or an \u2018electrical signature,\u2019 according to Aharon Futterman, vice president of research and development at Prise Systems. Their technology is able to recognise this signature.<\/p>\n

The cows\u2019 drinking water is then charged with the same electrical signature, activating the animals\u2019 immune system to recognise and fight these pathogens. The team would not reveal exactly how the technology works as it plans to apply for a patent.<\/p>\n

Testing its technology on an Israeli farm, the team achieved an 80% success rate, healing 39 of 49 cows, says Inna Pekel, the project\u2019s coordinator and CEO at Prise Systems.<\/p>\n

\u2018We think our system will allow us to start treatment at an earlier stage of the disease and prevent it from reaching clinical stage,\u2019 she said.<\/p>\n

She added that the method, which she views as potentially \u2018revolutionary\u2019 for treating livestock diseases, has succeeded in achieving positive results within two or three days while not appearing to have harmful side-effects or affect milk quality or output.<\/p>\n

Futterman says the system\u2019s technology is usable now and adheres to European regulations. The aim is to test it in several European locations first to make sure it works well on a wider scale. The team hopes it could be ready within about two years.<\/p>\n

HealMastitis is also seeking to secure extra funding so it can scale up the system to make it commercially viable. It requires a more complex computer system with added communication and location capabilities to detect where systems are installed \u2013 necessary because pathogens vary between countries, says Futterman.<\/p>\n

Other measures<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr Volker Kr\u00f6mker, a researcher in cattle health at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, says the search for new therapies makes sense and can bring more evidence to the use of antibiotics in general, with \u2018the whole topic fundamentally very important for humankind\u2019.<\/p>\n

However, he believes other measures could be more urgent in the short term than developing specific technologies and products.<\/p>\n

\u2018In my opinion, greater effects in a shorter time can be achieved through clear therapy guidelines (for prevention and dealing with the disease) and improved diagnostics,\u2019 said Dr Kr\u00f6mker. \u2018Furthermore, a better understanding of infection processes and the resulting prognosis is crucial\u2026 In the field of mastitis, a joint agreement to limit antibiotic agents could also be helpful.\u2019<\/p>\n

While non-antibiotic cures and electrical signals show promise, developing a range of techniques could take time. \u2018It hasn\u2019t happened on a wider scale yet for the simple reason that it\u2019s difficult to do,\u2019 said Dr Friel. \u2018Lots of other people are looking into this, but it\u2019s a tough nut to crack.\u2019<\/p>\n

The research in this article was funded by the EU. If you liked this article, please consider sharing it on social media.<\/em><\/p>\n

Originally published on Horizon<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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The fundamental solutions may lie far from medicine \u2013 in managing our rivers and soils. That is the view of scientists who\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Earth, Energy & Environment"","block_context":{"text":"Earth, Energy & Environment","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/earth-energy-environment\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"In poorer countries, using raw wastewater to irrigate urban farms could be an underlying cause of antibiotic resistance.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/3256371571_0f763fc556_k.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/3256371571_0f763fc556_k.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/3256371571_0f763fc556_k.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/3256371571_0f763fc556_k.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/3256371571_0f763fc556_k.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/3256371571_0f763fc556_k.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1023,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/1023\/can-we-reverse-antibiotic-resistance\/","url_meta":{"origin":1009,"position":2},"title":"Can we reverse antibiotic resistance?","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"October 21, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"by Vittoria D'Alessio In the battle against antibiotic resistance, some scientists are trying a new approach: re-sensitising bacteria to drugs they no longer respond to so that existing antibiotics can hit their target once more. \u2018This is a sustainable and straightforward approach to the problem of antibiotic resistance,\u2019 said Fredrik\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Health"","block_context":{"text":"Health","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/health\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have had their antibiotic resistance reversed in Prof. Almqvist's lab. 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By working on new antibiotics or finding ways to revive existing ones in our medical arsenal, scientists aim to avoid a return to a world where even everyday infections may mean death.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Health"","block_context":{"text":"Health","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/health\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Image credit - Flickr\/ Sheep purple, licensed under CC BY 2.0","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/3060243118_992e36386c_k.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/3060243118_992e36386c_k.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/3060243118_992e36386c_k.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/3060243118_992e36386c_k.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/3060243118_992e36386c_k.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/3060243118_992e36386c_k.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2574,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/2574\/deadly-sepsis-and-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-are-in-europes-crosshairs\/","url_meta":{"origin":1009,"position":4},"title":"Deadly sepsis and antibiotic-resistant bacteria are in Europe\u2019s crosshairs","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"November 16, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"EU researchers are looking for new ways to tackle bloodstream infections that kill millions of people worldwide every year. 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