{"id":1702,"date":"2021-04-20T07:40:08","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T07:40:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=1702"},"modified":"2021-04-20T07:40:08","modified_gmt":"2021-04-20T07:40:08","slug":"do-you-trust-automated-cars-if-not-youre-not-alone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/1702\/do-you-trust-automated-cars-if-not-youre-not-alone\/","title":{"rendered":"Do you trust automated cars? If not, you\u2019re not alone"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Picture yourself speeding down the highway with no hands on the wheel,\u00a0<\/span><\/span>checking your emails while\u00a0<\/span><\/span>your<\/span><\/span>\u00a0car\u00a0<\/span><\/span>takes care of\u00a0<\/span><\/span>responding to\u00a0<\/span><\/span>what\u2019s happening on the road<\/span><\/span>. Would you trust your car<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>to make the right decision<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>?<\/span><\/span>\u00a0If\u00a0<\/span><\/span>you have doubts<\/span><\/span>, you\u2019re not alone.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Car manufacturers believe that people are ready to trust computer-controlled autonomous cars. In March,\u00a0Honda released the first car with certified level 3 technology<\/a>\u00a0– meaning the car can steer, accelerate and brake without the driver – and around\u00a018 million cars<\/a>\u00a0sold in 2024 are expected to have some type of automated driving feature.<\/p>\n

But in Europe, trust in these cars is still pretty low. In a 2019\u00a0Eurobarometer survey<\/a>, half of the respondents said they would not use automated vehicles if given the opportunity. Only 2% said they would buy an automated vehicle right away.<\/p>\n

Stefano Bianchi is the research and innovation manager at the green tech company\u00a0algoWatt<\/a>\u00a0in Italy and studies automated vehicles. He believes that part of people\u2019s distrust of autonomous vehicles comes from early adopters who over trust what an automated vehicle can do.<\/p>\n

\u2018I think because we are living in the transition phase where we are seeing different \u201cflavours\u201d and rates of acceptance,\u2019 he said. \u2018We have those who trust the technology so much that they even cheat – they are not worried about their dangerous attitude towards automated driving.\u2019<\/p>\n

He points to the example of Tesla drivers who found ways to override the car\u2019s \u2018Autopilot\u2019 feature, which requires drivers to keep their hands on the steering wheel in case something goes wrong. People began to share tricks to simulate having hands on the wheel – such as\u00a0wedging an orange<\/a>\u00a0against the wheel, or in some cases\u00a0buying prosthetic hands<\/a>\u00a0to hold the wheel while the driver ignored the road. Drivers over-relying on autopilot has unfortunately led to\u00a0fatalities<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Over the past two years Bianchi and colleagues at the\u00a0Trustonomy<\/a>\u00a0project have looked at how companies can improve the technology of automated vehicles and thus people\u2019s trust.<\/p>\n

Switch control<\/strong><\/p>\n

In particular, they are researching better ways for the car and driver to switch control between each other. For example, an automated\u00a0vehicle might ask a driver to take over by flashing a light, sounding an alarm or using vibrations in the driver seat.<\/p>\n

In one experiment, volunteers donned virtual reality headsets that placed them in an automated\u00a0car while they played a game. After a while, the car signalled that the road ahead was blocked and the driver had to take control. Sensors then measured the driver\u2019s reaction time to see what mix of alerts worked best, and researchers are now evaluating the results.<\/p>\n

Another experiment planned for later this year will focus on monitoring drivers in a driving simulator to see how well they trust autonomous driving while it\u2019s happening. One setup will ask drivers to play a simple matched-pairs game while the car drives autonomously. The thinking behind this is the more engaged drivers are with the game, the more they are trusting the car to drive well.<\/p>\n

The results from both these monitoring experiments can help inform car manufacturers how to improve how their cars interact with drivers.<\/p>\n

The Trustonomy project is also developing a curriculum for drivers to teach them what automated\u00a0vehicles can and cannot do, and about the warning systems of different car manufacturers. In the future this can be included in theory and practical training, for example for long-haul truck drivers, says Bianchi.<\/p>\n

Acceptance<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trust in automated\u00a0vehicles will not come overnight, says Bianchi, though he believes perfecting these designs now will pay off in the future. \u2018The trust and acceptance of this kind of technology comes with the use of it and the availability of it around us.<\/p>\n

\u2018I bet that if we had autonomous electric buses going for school every day for several years, at some point children will not pay attention, because it’s the new normal,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

Dr Ingrid Skogsmo of the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute has seen people\u2019s attitudes shift as automated cars have begun to be rolled out.<\/p>\n

\u2018What I’ve seen over time is that this extreme optimism about what automated vehicles can do and can’t do \u2026 has evolved into an understanding that it is far more complex. I think the risks and potential benefits are becoming much more clear,\u2019 she said.<\/p>\n

In a project called\u00a0BRAVe<\/a>, Dr Skogsmo and colleagues surveyed 7,000 people across seven countries to better understand people\u2019s opinions of automated vehicles. It focused on people\u2019s views of automated cars from the perspective of people walking on the street, cyclists, and e-scooter users, as well as drivers of non-automated cars.<\/p>\n

\u2018It\u2019s not just the driver who has to trust an automated vehicle,\u2019 said Dr Skogsmo. \u2018We also have to think about drivers of conventional cars and other road users like pedestrians and motorcycle riders and bicyclists and how they interact with automated vehicles.\u2019<\/p>\n

The results showed that most people still trust human drivers more than automated vehicles, and around 30% of respondents would feel unsafe crossing a road with an automated car approaching.<\/p>\n

Interestingly though, different parts of society trusted automated cars more. For example, those that would most trust the automated vehicle were motorcycle riders and cyclists, says Dr Skogsmo. \u2018We think that\u2019s because they\u2019re not too impressed by the human drivers,\u2019 she said. \u2018If you design an automated vehicle you probably design it so that it adheres to traffic rules like giving way at pedestrian crossings.\u2019<\/p>\n

According to their survey the greatest factor to increasing trust is transparency – knowing what the automated vehicle is doing, and when. For example, the survey showed that people would prefer if the automated car indicated visually that it would allow the pedestrian to cross the road. Testing this out in virtual reality showed that the car indicating its intent and slowly decelerating doubled the rate of people confident enough to cross the road.<\/p>\n

\u2018I bet that if we had autonomous electric buses going for school every day for several years, at some point children will not pay attention, because it’s the new normal.\u2019<\/p>\n

Stefano Bianchi, Research & Innovation Manager, algoWatt<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Regulation<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr Skogsmo says that the project partners are now using their data to help shape regulatory testing, as well as evaluations done by\u00a0EuroNCAP<\/a>, an organisation that provides consumer information on the safety of new cars. \u2018There weren’t any good pedestrian crossing tests (in the EuroNCAP evaluations) for example,\u2019 she said. \u2018If you have some regulation behind this then you can build up the argumentation for the technology.\u2019<\/p>\n

This is backed up by the 2019 Eurobarometer survey: 69% of those surveyed said that they believed national authorities will be important to rolling out the vehicles in society, with 65% believing the EU has a role to play.<\/p>\n

\u2018The Eurobarometer is quite interesting because it covers a big sample of European people,\u2019 said Dr Monica Grosso, a transport economist at the EU\u2019s in-house science and knowledge service, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Ispra, Italy. From June 2020 to January 2021 the JRC, along with the German Aerospace Center and the University of Cantabria, ran 15 focus groups with the public and transport experts from Italy, Germany and Spain to get a better idea of people\u2019s opinions on autonomous vehicles, which could then support future policies.<\/p>\n

\u2018We wanted to grab some qualitative insight – if the answers of the focus groups were going in the same direction as the Eurobarometer.\u2019<\/p>\n

The focus groups showed that people\u2019s trust in the technology could increase if they see how it works, says Dr Grosso.<\/p>\n

Results from the focus groups will help develop a \u2018living lab\u2019 project on automated vehicles that brings the public and other interest groups into the legislating process. People in the living lab can develop policy ideas and then quickly see them in action in local authorities. After testing the policies and getting feedback these same people can then fine-tune the policies to be more efficient and effective.<\/p>\n

The first phase of the living lab is planned for this summer in Ispra, says Mar\u00eda Alonso Raposo, its scientific coordinator. Volunteers will be able to view automated vehicles in action and then be interviewed to get their initial thoughts on the technology. Later, the volunteers will be able to use the technology and be asked how they feel using it.<\/p>\n

The goal, says Alonso Raposo, is to see if people\u2019s opinions change, and if the automated vehicles are used differently over time.<\/p>\n

\u2018We see them as a kind of regulatory sandboxes so that innovative policies and also innovative technologies can be tested in a real-life setting,\u2019 said Alonso Raposo. \u2018It’s a way to understand what can work and what doesn’t in reality.\u2019<\/p>\n

The research in this article was funded by the EU. Trust in automated vehicles will be one of the topics on the agenda at the third\u00a0<\/em>European Conference on Connected and Automated Driving<\/em><\/a>, which will take place virtually from 20-22 April 2021.<\/em><\/p>\n

Originally published on Horizon Magazine<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Picture yourself speeding down the highway with no hands on the wheel,\u00a0checking your emails while\u00a0your\u00a0car\u00a0takes care of\u00a0responding to\u00a0what\u2019s happening on the road. Would you trust your car\u00a0to make the right decisions?\u00a0If\u00a0you have doubts, you\u2019re not alone.\u00a0 Car manufacturers believe that people are ready to trust computer-controlled autonomous cars. In March,\u00a0Honda released the first car with … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":298,"featured_media":1703,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16],"tags":[240,410,409],"class_list":["post-1702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology","tag-automated-driving","tag-eucad","tag-self-driving-cars"],"yoast_head":"\nDo you trust automated cars? 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By\u00a0\u00a0TOM CASSAUWERS It's an ordinary day in the northern German city of Hamburg, where countless cars move along the streets and pedestrians cross at the intersections. Amid all the hustle and bustle, one vehicle advances without the driver's\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Transport"","block_context":{"text":"Transport","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/transport\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/5.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/5.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/5.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/5.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/5.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/12\/5.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":754,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/754\/trusting-self-driving-cars-is-going-to-be-a-big-step-for-people\/","url_meta":{"origin":1702,"position":1},"title":"\u2018Trusting self-driving cars is going to be a big step for people\u2019","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"April 2, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Self-driving cars are set to bring one of the biggest changes to our global transportation system in decades, but their potential to increase road safety should not be over-emphasised if we want to increase people\u2019s trust in automated vehicles, says Dr Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Bonnefon from the Toulouse School of Economics, France,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Technology"","block_context":{"text":"Technology","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/technology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"When self-driving cars start to operate in a real-life context, it could be transformative for people's perception of autonomous driving, says Dr Bonnefon.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/04\/5554433852_ca581d33d0_o.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/04\/5554433852_ca581d33d0_o.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/04\/5554433852_ca581d33d0_o.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/04\/5554433852_ca581d33d0_o.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/04\/5554433852_ca581d33d0_o.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/04\/5554433852_ca581d33d0_o.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1442,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/1442\/five-things-to-know-about-making-self-driving-cars-safe\/","url_meta":{"origin":1702,"position":2},"title":"Five things to know about: making self-driving cars safe","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"September 18, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"by Jonathan O'Callaghan Self-driving cars, or connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), are closer than ever to becoming a mainstay on our roads. 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EU-backed trials of driverless cars in public transport could make Europe\u2019s city centres affordable, cleaner, safer, more efficient, inclusive and fair. 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