{"id":1811,"date":"2021-09-09T07:33:58","date_gmt":"2021-09-09T07:33:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=1811"},"modified":"2021-09-09T07:33:58","modified_gmt":"2021-09-09T07:33:58","slug":"ancient-cave-deposits-reveal-our-climate-future","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/1811\/ancient-cave-deposits-reveal-our-climate-future\/","title":{"rendered":"Ancient cave deposits reveal our climate future"},"content":{"rendered":"
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As natural climate archives, the deposits found in caves can play an important role in our ability to understand \u2013 and predict \u2013 climate change.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Every family has those stories that are passed down from generation to generation. Some of them have to do with history, others about a particular individual. But many of them have to do with the weather.<\/p>\n

Whether it be when the monsoons always arrive or what month brings the coldest weather, these stories contribute to society\u2019s climate memory. \u2018Because this information helps make climate predictable, it is very useful to, for example, a farmer planting crops,\u2019 said Dr\u00a0Sebastian Breitenbach<\/a>, a palaeoclimatologist at\u00a0Northumbria University<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The problem is that climate change is wreaking havoc on normal weather patterns, making our climate memory less reliable. \u2018Historically, society can cope with a change in weather, such as a drought, that last just a couple of years,\u2019 added Dr\u00a0Breitenbach. \u2018But when the disruption continues for too long, that\u2019s when we tend to run into trouble.\u2019<\/p>\n

To avoid such trouble, society needs a climate memory that goes back not generations, but millennia.<\/p>\n

And getting that type of memory means going underground.<\/p>\n

On a quantitative quest<\/strong><\/p>\n

When it comes to accessing the Earth\u2019s climate history, called paleoclimate information, caves have a lot to say.<\/p>\n

Caves are rich with deposits like stalactites and stalagmites. Called speleothems, these deposits are formed as water slowly makes its way down from the surface.<\/p>\n

\u2018Drip by drip, over the course of thousands, or even millions of years, these deposits grow, with each layer storing a record of their chemical composition,\u2019 said Dr Breitenbach. \u2018As a result, speleothems serve as excellent climate archives and are vital to understanding how climate varies and how the environment responds on seasonal to millennial timescales.\u2019<\/p>\n

To reconstruct past climate and environment, palaeoclimatologists use what are called proxy indicators, indirect measurements that allow them to detect variations in rainfall, vegetation, or extreme events like droughts.<\/p>\n

So, what does this actually mean?<\/p>\n

To find out, we asked Dr\u00a0Breitenbach to explain: \u2018Using proxies, I can tell you if 300,000 years ago the climate was warmer, colder, wetter or drier than today,\u2019 he said. \u2018What I can\u2019t tell you is just how much warmer, colder, wetter or drier it was.\u2019<\/p>\n

To get this type of information, which is quantitative, Dr Breitenbach needs more complex proxies. Luckily, through the QUEST project, he\u2019s helped develop a range of new proxies capable of extracting exactly this type of detailed information from speleothems.<\/p>\n

For example, one of these new proxies looks at the specific chemical compounds that can be found in a cave deposit. \u2018One of these compounds is only produced when a wildfire happens above the cave,\u2019 remarked Dr\u00a0Breitenbach. \u2018When we find this compound in the speleothem, we can reconstruct when wildfires happened in the past, their severity, and their frequency.\u2019<\/p>\n

Dr Breitenbach and his team also developed proxies for identifying past changes in vegetation. \u2018This type of quantitative information is crucial to making the speleothem record more useful to climate modellers and policy makers,\u2019 he added.<\/p>\n

Looking to the past to predict the future<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr Breitenbach isn\u2019t alone in his quest to derive more detailed information from the speleothem record. In fact, similar research is happening in caves across the globe.<\/p>\n

\u2018Because reconstructing past climates is challenging, we are always looking for new, more reliable ways to extract information from geologic archives,\u2019 said\u00a0Anna Nele Meckler<\/a>, a professor at the\u00a0University of Bergen<\/a>\u00a0and a researcher with the FluidMICS project.<\/p>\n

Prof Meckler is specifically interested in getting information about past temperatures from speleothems. That\u2019s because, according to Prof. Meckler, having such information could teach us a lot about climate change and the impact that greenhouse gases have on our climate.<\/p>\n

\u2018We want to understand how sensitive temperature was to past changes in atmospheric CO2, how temperature changes in different regions were connected, and how quickly these responses happened,\u2019 she said.<\/p>\n

To get this information, Prof Meckler and her team are developing a process that can determine the density of small amounts of water found in the speleothems. \u2018Because water density is linked to the temperature at the point in time when the water was trapped in the rock, it can tell us a lot about how hot or how cold it is was at a specific point in time,\u2019 she added.<\/p>\n

Extending our climate memory<\/strong><\/p>\n

Although each are working in different caves and in different parts of the world, all three researchers are working to extend our climate memory.<\/p>\n

\u2018As climate change is quickly moving us into unknown territory, we urgently need to better understand how today\u2019s climate system might react,\u2019 said Prof.\u00a0Meckler. \u2018At the very least, we can access past climate states and transitions and use this information to improve our ability to predict what lies ahead.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u2018If we don\u2019t know the past, how can we assess how vulnerable we are to the future,\u2019 asks Dr Breitenbach? \u2018With the right techniques, speleothems can shed light on this past, giving us a fighting chance to predict \u2013 and adapt to \u2013 what\u2019s coming.\u2019<\/p>\n

The research in this article was funded by the EU. If you liked this article, please consider sharing it on social media.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As natural climate archives, the deposits found in caves can play an important role in our ability to understand \u2013 and predict \u2013 climate change. Every family has those stories that are passed down from generation to generation. Some of them have to do with history, others about a particular individual. But many of them … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":298,"featured_media":1812,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[11,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-energy-environment","category-life-non-humans"],"yoast_head":"\nAncient cave deposits reveal our climate future - Horizon Magazine Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/1811\/ancient-cave-deposits-reveal-our-climate-future\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ancient cave deposits reveal our climate future\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As natural climate archives, the deposits found in caves can play an important role in our ability to understand \u2013 and predict \u2013 climate change. 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The city\u2019s diverse communities and ways of living \u2013 including fishing and farming \u2013 were\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Earth, Energy & Environment"","block_context":{"text":"Earth, Energy & Environment","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/earth-energy-environment\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/03\/20.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/03\/20.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/03\/20.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/03\/20.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/03\/20.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/03\/20.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2199,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/2199\/the-impacts-have-come-faster-and-have-been-more-hefty-than-we-had-thought\/","url_meta":{"origin":1811,"position":2},"title":"\u201cThe impacts have come faster and have been more hefty than we had thought\u201d","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"November 4, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Ahead of this month's COP27 conference in Egypt, we speak to the co-chair of the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report who tells us the destructive influence of climate change is coming more quickly and more intensively than predicted. By\u00a0\u00a0ANTHONY KING Professor\u00a0Hans-Otto P\u00f6rtner\u00a0is a climatologist, an oceans\u2019 expert and\u00a0co-chair\u00a0on the International Panel\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Earth, Energy & Environment"","block_context":{"text":"Earth, Energy & Environment","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/earth-energy-environment\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/11\/4-scaled.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/11\/4-scaled.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/11\/4-scaled.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/11\/4-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/11\/4-scaled.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/11\/4-scaled.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3198,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/3198\/battling-the-heat-europe-takes-action-to-protect-health-in-a-warming-world\/","url_meta":{"origin":1811,"position":3},"title":"Battling the heat: Europe takes action to protect health in a warming world","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"August 15, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"EU-funded researchers are developing strategies to protect people from rising temperatures, focusing on vulnerable groups and clearer climate-health communication. By Vittoria D\u2019Alessio The environmental impact of climate change \u2013 shifting weather patterns or vanishing biodiversity \u2013 is widely recognised. But do we truly understand the toll rising temperatures are taking\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Earth, Energy & Environment"","block_context":{"text":"Earth, Energy & Environment","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/earth-energy-environment\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/08\/14.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/08\/14.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/08\/14.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/08\/14.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2586,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/2586\/fighting-extreme-weather-with-extreme-computing-power\/","url_meta":{"origin":1811,"position":4},"title":"Fighting extreme weather with extreme computing power","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"November 29, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Artificial intelligence, which can already generate texts and mimic human speech, might also help the world prepare for the worsening effects of climate change. By \u00a0Tom Cassauwers In late October, climate change suddenly felt very real in northern Italy. A severe storm brought heavy rainfall to the region, causing Lake\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Earth, Energy & Environment"","block_context":{"text":"Earth, Energy & Environment","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/earth-energy-environment\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/11\/29.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/11\/29.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/11\/29.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/11\/29.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/11\/29.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/11\/29.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1841,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/1841\/focal-point-for-climate-change-is-at-the-top-of-our-world-and-agenda\/","url_meta":{"origin":1811,"position":5},"title":"Focal point for climate change is at the top of our world, and agenda","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"October 13, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Improved climate modelling can predict fish stocks in the North Atlantic, as well as warming effects across the Northern hemisphere, for instance in Europe and North America. 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