{"id":212,"date":"2018-03-29T10:32:33","date_gmt":"2018-03-29T10:32:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=212"},"modified":"2018-05-29T23:46:16","modified_gmt":"2018-05-29T23:46:16","slug":"genetic-profiling-could-improve-ivf-success","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/212\/genetic-profiling-could-improve-ivf-success\/","title":{"rendered":"Genetic profiling could improve IVF success"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>by Frieda Klotz<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"article-category\"><strong>Genetic profiling could help determine whether an embryo created through in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) is likely to successfully transfer to the womb, increasing the success rate of the procedure.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">It\u2019s part of a field of work looking at the role of genetics in fertility.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018Understanding why some people do not have children, and developing treatments for them is extremely important,\u2019 said Joris Vermeesch, professor of molecular cytogenetics and genome research at KU Leuven in Belgium. \u2018People sometimes spend years of their life trying to get pregnant, and it doesn\u2019t work.\u2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Despite advances in IVF, its success for each cycle \u2013 counted via the so-called baby take-home rate \u2013 is only 30%. But a project called SARM, led by Prof. Vermeesch, aimed to improve that figure by looking at ways to identify which embryos were unlikely to survive in the womb.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Already, in 2009, scientists at KU Leuven\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm.1924\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">had discovered<\/a>\u00a0that most early IVF embryos were unstable \u2014 at high risk of having the wrong number of chromosomes or loss or gain of chromosomal fragments. This made them much less likely to develop properly, leading to failed embryo transfers \u2014 and frustration for prospective parents.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Prof. Vermeesch led that initial research. As part of SARM he and his team wanted to find a better a way to detect those imbalances, a method they could apply in IVF to boost its chances of success.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Experiments in human fertility are constrained by ethical boundaries. The scientists worked with cow embryos because bovine reproductive systems mirror those of humans at this stage of embryonic development.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>Haplotyping<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Using a technique called haplotyping, which determines which gene sets come from which parents, the researchers succeeded in analysing the genetic make-up of an embryo\u2019s cells. This new technique allowed them to determine which embryos are chromosomally unstable and which are more likely to thrive.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">The same technology can identify whether an embryo is affected by genetic disease. To reduce the risk of transmission, clinics can simply decide not to transfer those embryos.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018If we can do these tests on all IVF embryos it\u2019s possible and likely that the success rate of IVF will increase,\u2019 Prof. Vermeesch said. \u2018You eliminate those embryos with chromosomal abnormalities and you only transfer those with fewer or no abnormalities.\u2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Infertility affects\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/topics\/infertility\/perspective\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10% of couples in the world<\/a>, a growing demographic challenge with a human cost. Embarking on having a family later in life is one clear cause, poor lifestyles another, but reproductive health isn\u2019t just about age or wellbeing \u2014 some of it is also in our genes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Scientists exploring the role of genetics in these trends have found that heritability plays a significant part, which is not yet well understood.<\/p>\n<div class=\"quote-view quotesBlock quote_horizontal\">\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">&#8216;If we can do these tests on all IVF embryos it\u2019s possible and likely that the success rate of IVF will increase.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Joris Vermeesch, KU Leuven, Belgium<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">If there are few environmental constraints and a population cohort follows certain social norms \u2014 taking the pill and living through the era of sexual liberation, or postponing childbearing because of pressures in the job or housing market \u2014 then genetic factors become more of a factor in the differences in reproductive fertility.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Some problems, like endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome or premature menopause, are highly genetic, says Dr Nicola Barban from the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex, UK.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Dr Barban is a scientific collaborator on Sociogenome, a project run by Professor Melinda Mills at the University of Oxford, UK, that looks at how infertility is influenced by genetics and environment. It\u2019s the first study to look at these two factors together.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018What we know is that some women can conceive when they\u2019re in their 40s or late 40s, and some women have problems much earlier in time,\u2019 he explained. \u2018We are (investigating) the end of the reproductive window where there\u2019s more variability due to genetics.\u2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">One strand of the project looked at the role of genetics compared with environment and individual choice and studied differences between identical twins, who share 100% of their genome, and fraternal twins, who share 50% of their genomes. The research found that genes make up 15-45% of the factors that determine the number of children a person ends up having, depending on the sample.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Dr Barban stresses that the methods could not be used to predict when an individual might have children because other factors are also involved. \u2018Think of three possible sources of variability,\u2019 he said. \u2018Genetics, the family environment, the individual environment.\u2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" title=\"In 2010, around 48.5 million couple worldwide were unable to have a baby after five years of trying. Image credit - Horizon \" src=\"https:\/\/horizon-magazine.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/infertility2010-983.jpg\" alt=\"In 2010, around 48.5 million couple worldwide were unable to have a baby after five years of trying. Image credit - Horizon \" width=\"2040\" height=\"1221\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>Data pool<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Next, the Sociogenome researchers wanted to analyse the genome itself. To create their bank of data, the team persuaded 250 other scientists to share their records and formed a massive data pool \u2014 roughly 251,000 participants of European ancestry for age at first birth and 343,000 for number of children ever born.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">They focused on demographic traits that both men and women share. While fertility research has traditionally focused on the female patient, researchers on Sociogenome wanted to look at both men and women.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018Much of the research on infertility is on women only but we think that both men and women should be studied,\u2019 Dr Barban said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">This strand of the project probed which parts of individual genes affect child-bearing. It identified 12 genetic loci, or parts of the gene, that can explain around 1% of variation in the age at which a person has their first baby \u2014 which may not seem like a lot. But although the results don\u2019t say much about individual fertility at a population level they\u2019re significant, Dr Barban says, because understanding 1% of the genetic predisposition of thousands of people builds a picture of a population\u2019s fertility.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">The next phase, with 800,000 participants, aims to show which parts of the gene are expressed in hormones, brain activity and other biological processes \u2014 shedding further light on why some people are more fertile than others.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">All this doesn\u2019t yet answer the tricky questions of why a particular individual is infertile but it lays the ground for a more sophisticated understanding of the causes of infertility.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018I think finding the genes that are connected with some of these biological mechanisms could be a very first step towards drug development,\u2019 Dr Barban said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><i>Originally published on <a href=\"https:\/\/horizon-magazine.eu\/\">Horizon<\/a>.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Frieda Klotz Genetic profiling could help determine whether an embryo created through in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) is likely to successfully transfer to the womb, increasing the success rate of the procedure. It\u2019s part of a field of work looking at the role of genetics in fertility. \u2018Understanding why some people do not have children, and &#8230; <a title=\"Genetic profiling could improve IVF success\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/212\/genetic-profiling-could-improve-ivf-success\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Genetic profiling could improve IVF success\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":298,"featured_media":213,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[71,37,139,79,24],"class_list":["post-212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-genetics","tag-health","tag-infertility","tag-research","tag-science"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Genetic profiling could improve IVF success - Horizon Magazine Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/212\/genetic-profiling-could-improve-ivf-success\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Genetic profiling could improve IVF success\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"by Frieda Klotz Genetic profiling could help determine whether an embryo created through in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) is likely to successfully transfer to the womb, increasing the success rate of the procedure. It\u2019s part of a field of work looking at the role of genetics in fertility. \u2018Understanding why some people do not have children, and ... 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It\u2019s part of a field of work looking at the role of genetics in fertility. \u2018Understanding why some people do not have children, and ... 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