{"id":2252,"date":"2022-12-30T11:45:03","date_gmt":"2022-12-30T11:45:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=2252"},"modified":"2022-12-30T11:45:03","modified_gmt":"2022-12-30T11:45:03","slug":"psychedelic-drugs-monkey-brains-and-rescue-drones-to-feature-in-cutting-edge-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/2252\/psychedelic-drugs-monkey-brains-and-rescue-drones-to-feature-in-cutting-edge-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Psychedelic drugs, monkey brains and rescue drones to feature in cutting-edge research"},"content":{"rendered":"

Five experts who appeared in Horizon Magazine in 2022 outline how their areas of activity will evolve in the coming year and more.<\/p>\n

By<\/em><\/strong> VITTORIA D\u2019ALESSIO<\/p>\n

From more fresh water and less depression to life-saving drones and thought-interpreting scans, 2023 promises to be a big year in science. Still, don\u2019t expect to fly in a plane powered by electricity anytime soon.<\/p>\n

Dr Pascal Belin, a neuroscientist at the Aix-Marseille University in France and primary investigator in the EU-funded\u00a0<\/strong>COVOPRIM<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0project, studies humans and monkeys to understand better what happens in the brains of primates when they communicate. Scans show a remarkable similarity in the way human, marmoset and macaque brains light up when a voice is heard from another member of their species. Next year, researchers plan to implant electrodes in monkey brains to investigate this phenomenon at a nerve-cell level. The implications are far-reaching, both for people who lose the ability to speak following a brain injury or stroke and for general human interaction with technology.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Soon, we\u2019ll be able to interpret the activity of neurons in different regions of the brain very clearly. We\u2019re already understanding better and better which region does what. Soon enough, we\u2019ll be able to decode what someone is listening to simply by observing brain activity. We\u2019ll also be able to elucidate what people are imagining without their thoughts being vocalised. It\u2019s not quite the same as reading someone\u2019s thoughts \u2013 it’s more about reconstructing what\u2019s going on in the brain by interpreting the activity of neurons.<\/p>\n

\u2018In time, our new knowledge will also be used to control machines. More and more progress is already being made in this area. There will be neural implants, the kind already fitted in some epileptic patients when they don\u2019t respond to treatment, that can be strategically placed in the brain to enhance a person\u2019s perception\u00a0\u2013 much like a cochlear implant is used today in thousands of deaf people so they can hear \u2013\u00a0or to send impulses that command a computer.<\/p>\n

\u2018It will mean people can express themselves without using a keyboard. A keyboard and pen are awkward crutches that have been necessary in our path towards technological innovation to allow us to convert verbal information in our brain into written words, but they won\u2019t be necessary once your computer can read that information directly from your brain. Though I\u2019m not a specialist in brain-computer interfaces, I believe this sort of innovation will be available in five to 10 years, not 40.\u2019<\/p>\n

READ:\u00a0Listening to the reason of voice<\/a><\/p>\n

Tomorrow\u2019s cities will improve the safety of residents and structures alike, according to Professor Gian Paolo Cimellaro, an engineer at the Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy. Prof Cimellaro led the EU-funded\u00a0<\/strong>IDEAL DRONE<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0project to develop drones that can be deployed by firefighters to help locate people trapped in burning buildings. He believes techniques to monitor structures and rescue civilians will improve immensely in the coming years.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018We\u2019ll see huge change in the field of disaster resilience \u2013 both in the short- and medium-term. The advanced technologies we\u2019ve been working on mean people can be tracked inside buildings and soon we\u2019ll be able to do even better. For instance, rescue teams will wear exoskeletons \u2013 rugged suits that synchronise with their movement and give them protection and strength \u2013 so they can move heavy debris to get to survivors.<\/p>\n

\u2018Climate change will put more pressure on infrastructures, meaning disasters will happen more frequently, so we\u2019ll need to build greater resilience into all civilian infrastructure. Whenever there\u2019s a disaster, such as a partial bridge collapse, functionality drops and there\u2019s a recovery process. We\u2019ll be minimising the downtime. To stick with the bridge example, the only way to know if a bridge is safe today is through visual inspection: the engineer looks at the deck and decides whether or not to replace a part. But soon, sensors will become cheaper and bridges will be covered in them. These will report back on levels of ageing. That way, when a problem is detected, it can be fixed before it becomes a crisis.<\/p>\n

\u2018Eventually, we\u2019ll have \u2018\u2018super artificial intelligence\u2019\u2019, where a machine is smarter than the engineer and can inspect a structure and perform actions better than any human. For very long bridges, inspection will be done by drones equipped with robots that will collect multiple sets of information at the same time using high-resolution cameras, thermal cameras and laser scanners.\u2019<\/p>\n

READ:\u00a0Emergency-response drones to save lives in the digital skies<\/a><\/p>\n

Psychedelic drugs, when paired with specialist psychotherapy, show great promise as treatments for chronic, tricky mental illnesses. Scientists in Europe and the US\u00a0including\u00a0Dr Claudia Schwarz-Plaschg\u00a0are unravelling the neuroscience of psychedelic \u2018trips\u2019, hoping to bring an end to debilitating conditions like depression and trauma.\u00a0Dr Schwarz-Plaschg completed the EU-funded\u00a0<\/strong>ReMedPsy<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0project in which\u00a0she examined society\u2019s evolving views on these substances.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018I envisage research into the benefits of psychedelics moving beyond mental-health issues such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and addiction to include any condition where mind and body are integrated \u2013 from autism and dementia to obesity and pain disorders. I also anticipate more research into how psychedelics can enhance creativity and help with problem solving, as these substances are known to foster shifts in perspective.<\/p>\n

\u2018In terms of risks, we also need more studies into the adverse effects of psychedelics. Bad trips happen and can be very destabilising.\u00a0I expect we\u2019ll see the broader conversation on drug decriminalisation and legalisation move forward in the next few years, and this will include psychedelics.<\/p>\n

\u2018I also anticipate more research into the spiritual and religious benefits of these substances. We\u2019re undergoing a spiritual crisis in western society. Psychedelics could play a role in helping people find deeper meaning in life again. I hope 2023 will enable me and other critical scholars to scrutinise how knowledge is created in this field. What impact does psychedelic research have on communities that have been using psychedelics for much longer than Western science? Are we extracting knowledge from Indigenous and underground communities without giving back?\u2019<\/p>\n

READ:\u00a0Psychedelics paired with therapy could treat chronic mental health conditions<\/a><\/p>\n

Because air travel contributes to global warming, European researchers are exploring the potential of electric and hybrid engines\u00a0to reduce jets\u2019 carbon footprint. With today\u2019s batteries still some way from being ready for commercial use, Fabio Russo, head of research at Italian aircraft maker Tecnam and coordinator of the EU-funded\u00a0<\/strong>H3PS<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0project, says real progress requires airlines to make tangible commitments.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Our company is putting resources and engineering into developing new technologies for both all-electric and hybrid aircraft. However, all-electric batteries work only in light aircraft with a flying time of around 20 or 30 minutes plus reserve, so clearly that\u2019s unlikely to work for people wanting to fly even short-haul in commercial airliners.<\/p>\n

\u2018Why are things not moving as fast as we\u2019d like? Because, even though we see lots of press releases from airlines expressing their intention to be on a sustainable path, only rarely something tangible then happens. There is no progressive business model, no meaningful commitments when it comes to making pledges about purchases of cleaner aircraft. This does not help manufacturers to safely unlock huge investments. And this needs to change or else engineers, manufacturers and airlines will jeopardise their credibility.<\/p>\n

\u2018Currently, a battery can no longer be used in aircraft once its performance drops below 90% because, at this point, the flight range becomes severely compromised and there\u2019s an increased risk of the battery overheating. This means that after around 800 flight cycles \u2013 typically a few weeks of flying \u2013 the battery needs to be removed and a new one bought for likely many thousands of euros. And that\u2019s just for a nine-passenger aircraft with very low range. This is too costly to make business sense, plus it\u2019s environmentally wasteful. Over the next few years, I hope we find ways to make batteries last longer and allow them to be \u201coverhauled\u201d, meaning the airline would give its battery back to the manufacturer and get another with new cells. The old battery would then be sold to power other machines like consumer electronics or those used for energy storage.\u2019<\/p>\n

READ:\u00a0Green aviation takes wing with electric aircraft designs<\/a><\/p>\n

Fresh-water supplies are diminishing around the world. As populations grow and droughts worsen, scientists are seeking new ways to convert high-saline water (as exists in oceans) into a form that can be piped into homes and industry. George Brik is chief executive officer of Hydro Volta, a Belgium-based company with a patented desalination technology. Developed in the EU-funded\u00a0<\/strong>SonixED<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0project, the technology is a lot greener than anything used today, requiring far less energy and fewer chemicals.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018The world has an unlimited supply of seawater but it\u2019s wasteful, expensive and harsh on the environment to desalinate water using traditional techniques. This is where Hydro Volta can help. Our technology makes the conversion of seawater to fresh water both cheaper and safer for the environment. All that\u2019s left is for us to scale up our processes and get the message across to governments and industry that we can help them solve an important and growing problem. I\u2019m confident that we\u2019ll get this opportunity over the next few years.<\/p>\n

\u2018I came to Belgium with my family as a survivor of the Syrian war 10 years ago. I was already working in the water-treatment industry in Syria, but I had to leave everything behind and start from scratch when I moved to Belgium, which was very difficult.<\/p>\n

\u2018But two years after arriving, I met a man named Yousef Yousef who became my business partner and co-founder and, from the start, the Flemish government and the EU have believed in our project and supported us. I\u2019m so thankful for the opportunity I have been given. Now all that\u2019s left is for us to be get the chance to take our technology out into the world.\u2019<\/p>\n

READ:\u00a0Fresh-water scarcity prompts hunt for more from the air and sea<\/a><\/p>\n

This article was originally published\u202fin <\/em>Horizon<\/em><\/a>, the EU Research and Innovation Magazine.\u202f\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Five experts who appeared in Horizon Magazine in 2022 outline how their areas of activity will evolve in the coming year and more. By VITTORIA D\u2019ALESSIO From more fresh water and less depression to life-saving drones and thought-interpreting scans, 2023 promises to be a big year in science. Still, don\u2019t expect to fly in a … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":298,"featured_media":2253,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[10,11,12,14,16,408],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-brain-behavior","category-earth-energy-environment","category-health","category-physics-mathematics","category-technology","category-transport"],"yoast_head":"\nPsychedelic drugs, monkey brains and rescue drones to feature in cutting-edge research - Horizon Magazine Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/2252\/psychedelic-drugs-monkey-brains-and-rescue-drones-to-feature-in-cutting-edge-research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Psychedelic drugs, monkey brains and rescue drones to feature in cutting-edge research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Five experts who appeared in Horizon Magazine in 2022 outline how their areas of activity will evolve in the coming year and more. 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