{"id":2258,"date":"2023-01-05T13:18:56","date_gmt":"2023-01-05T13:18:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=2258"},"modified":"2023-01-05T13:18:56","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T13:18:56","slug":"education-and-healthcare-are-set-for-a-high-tech-boost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/2258\/education-and-healthcare-are-set-for-a-high-tech-boost\/","title":{"rendered":"Education and healthcare are set for a high-tech boost"},"content":{"rendered":"

The enhancement of human-machine interaction is expected to bring notable improvements in support for learning and access to healthcare.<\/p>\n

By<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0CALEB DAVIES<\/p>\n

In a Swiss classroom, two children are engrossed in navigating an intricate maze with the help of a small, rather cute, robot. The interaction is easy and playful\u00a0\u2013 it is also providing researchers with valuable information on how children learn and the conditions in which information is most effectively absorbed.<\/p>\n

Rapid improvements in intuitive human-machine interactions (HMI) are poised to kick off big changes in society. In particular, two European research projects give a sense of how these trends could influence two core areas: education and healthcare.<\/p>\n

Child learning<\/strong><\/p>\n

In EU-funded\u00a0ANIMATAS<\/a>, a cross-border network of universities and industrial partners is exploring if, and how, robots and artificial intelligence (AI) can help us learn more effectively.\u00a0One idea is around making mistakes: children can learn by spotting and correcting others’ errors \u2013 and having a robot make them might be useful.<\/p>\n

\u2018A teacher can\u2019t make mistakes,\u2019 said project coordinator Professor Mohamed Chetouani of the Sorbonne University in Paris, France. \u2018But a robot? They could. And mistakes are very useful in education.\u2019<\/p>\n

According to Prof Chetouani, it is simplistic to ask questions like \u2018can robots help children learn better\u2019 because learning is such a complex concept. He said that, for example, any automatic assumption that pupils who concentrate on lessons are learning more isn\u2019t necessarily true.<\/p>\n

That\u2019s why, from the start, the project set out to ask smarter, more specific questions that would help identify just how robots could be useful in classrooms.<\/p>\n

ANIMATAS is made up of sub-projects each led by an early-stage researcher. One of the sub-project goals was to better understand the learning process in children and analyse what types of interaction best help them to retain information.<\/p>\n

Robot roles<\/strong><\/p>\n

An experiment set up to investigate this question invited children to team up with the aptly named QTRobot to find the most efficient route around a map.<\/p>\n

During the exercise, the robot reacts interactively with the children to offer tips and suggestions. It is also carefully measuring various indicators in the children\u2019s body language such as eye contact and direction, tone of voice and facial expression.<\/p>\n

As hoped, researchers did indeed find that certain patterns of interaction corresponded with improved learning. With this information, they will be better able to evaluate how well children are engaging with educational material and, in the longer term, develop strategies to maximise such engagement\u00a0\u2013 thereby boosting learning potential.<\/p>\n

Future steps will include looking at how to adapt this robot-enhanced learning to children with special educational needs.<\/p>\n

\u2018We believe that it could be really important in this context,\u2019 said Prof Chetouani.<\/p>\n

Help at hand<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aki H\u00e4rm\u00e4, a researcher at Philips Research Eindhoven in the Netherlands, believes that robotics and AI are going to fundamentally change healthcare.<\/p>\n

In the EU-funded\u00a0PhilHumans<\/a>\u00a0project that he is coordinating, early-stage researchers from five universities across Europe work with two commercial partners \u2013 R2M Solution in Spain and Philips Electronics in the Netherlands \u2013 to learn how innovative technologies can improve people’s health.<\/p>\n

AI makes new services possible and \u2018it means healthcare can be 24\/7,\u2019 H\u00e4rm\u00e4 said.<\/p>\n

He points to the vast potential for technology to help people manage their own health from home: apps able to track a person’s mental and physical state and spot problems early on, chatbots that can give advice and propose diagnoses, and algorithms for robots to navigate safely around abodes.<\/p>\n

Empathetic bots<\/strong><\/p>\n

The project, which started in 2019 and will run until late 2023, is made of up of eight sub-projects, each led by a doctoral student.<\/p>\n

One sub-project, supervised by Phillips researcher Rim Helaoui, is looking at how the specific skills of mental-health practitioners \u2013 such as empathy and open-ended questioning \u2013 may be encoded into an AI-powered chatbot. This could mean that people with mental-health conditions would be able to access relevant support from home, potentially at a lower cost.<\/p>\n

The team quickly realised that replicating the full range of psychotherapeutic skills in a chatbot would involve challenges that could not be solved all at once. It focused instead on one key challenge: how to generate a bot that displayed empathy.<\/p>\n

\u2018This is the essential first step to get people to feel they can open up and share,\u2019 said Helaoui.<\/p>\n

As a starting point, the team produced an algorithm able to respond with the appropriate tone and content to convey empathy. The technology has yet to be converted into an app or product, but provides a building block that could be used in many different applications.<\/p>\n

Rapid advances<\/strong><\/p>\n

PhilHumans is also exploring other possibilities for the application of AI in healthcare. An algorithm is being developed that can use \u2018camera vision\u2019 to understand the tasks that a person is trying to carry out and analyse the surrounding environment.<\/p>\n

The ultimate goal would be to use this algorithm in a home-assistant robot to help people with cognitive decline complete everyday tasks successfully.<\/p>\n

One thing that has helped the project overall, said H\u00e4rm\u00e4, is the speed with which other organisations have been developing natural language processors with impressive capabilities, like GPT-3 from OpenAI. The project expects to be able to harness the unexpectedly rapid improvements in these and other areas to advance faster.<\/p>\n

Both ANIMATAS and PhilHumans are actively working on expanding the limits of intuitive HMI.<\/p>\n

In doing so, they have provided a valuable training ground for young researchers and given them important exposure to the commercial world. Overall, the two projects are ensuring that a new generation of highly skilled researchers is equipped to lead the way forward in HMI and its potential applications.<\/p>\n

Research in this article was funded via the EU\u2019s Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions (MSCA). This article was originally published\u202fin <\/em>Horizon<\/em><\/a>, the EU Research and Innovation Magazine.<\/em><\/p>\n

More info<\/p>\n

Follow the links below to learn more about the EU-funded projects featured in this article.<\/p>\n