{"id":251,"date":"2018-04-25T10:10:08","date_gmt":"2018-04-25T10:10:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=251"},"modified":"2018-05-29T23:41:38","modified_gmt":"2018-05-29T23:41:38","slug":"large-surface-area-lends-superpowers-to-ultra-porous-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/251\/large-surface-area-lends-superpowers-to-ultra-porous-materials\/","title":{"rendered":"Large surface area lends superpowers to ultra-porous materials"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"field field-name-field-header field-type-text-long field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>Some materials are special not for what they contain, but for what they don\u2019t contain. Such is the case with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) \u2013 ultra-porous structures that are being developed for a\u00a0variety\u00a0of future applications from fire-proofing to drug-delivery.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">MOFs are, in fact, the most porous materials known to humankind. One metal-organic framework, so-called NU-110, has such a large surface area that just one gram of it could be unfolded to cover one-and-a-half football fields.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">That huge internal surface area is a result of the atomic components \u2013\u00a0metal atoms linked together by organic molecules, forming a cage-like structure. It is by tinkering with the chemistry of these cages, and by inserting different objects inside them, that scientists are able to contemplate so many different applications.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018By judicious choice of the metals and linker molecules, there is a huge number of materials that can be prepared with properties designed for specific needs,\u2019 said Dr Ross Forgan of the University of Glasgow in the UK, who is exploring metal-organic frameworks for cancer drug-delivery.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>Active targeting<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Most chemotherapy drugs end up affecting healthy tissue as well as the tumour, hence the well-known side effects of nausea, kidney damage and hair loss. To try and solve this, some \u2018passively targeting\u2019 treatments are based on nanoparticles in order to capitalise on the fact that tumours are better than normal cells at retaining nanoparticles.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Dr Forgan\u2019s goal is to go one better and actively target tumours. Cancer drugs can be loaded into metal-organic frameworks, while the MOFs themselves can be designed to specifically latch on to tumours.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Active targeting means that all the drugs end up at the door of a tumour, so generating fewer side effects. It also means doctors can apply drug treatments that are usually too powerful to consider.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018Metal-organic frameworks don\u2019t accumulate,\u2019 said Dr Forgan. \u2018Once they have delivered their cargo they will hydrolyse (break down), disassembling into their metal and linker components, which can be chosen to be wholly non-toxic.\u2019<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_252\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-252\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/04\/UiO67-pack-cube5.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-252\" src=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/04\/UiO67-pack-cube5.jpg\" alt=\"MOFs could improve active targeting in cancer treatment which would reduce side-effects. Image credit - Dr Ross Forgan of the University of Glasgow\" width=\"970\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/04\/UiO67-pack-cube5.jpg 970w, https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/04\/UiO67-pack-cube5-300x297.jpg 300w, https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/04\/UiO67-pack-cube5-768x760.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 970px) 100vw, 970px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-252\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">MOFs could improve active targeting in cancer treatment which would reduce side-effects. Image credit &#8211; Dr Ross Forgan of the University of Glasgow<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Currently, Dr Forgan and his colleagues are developing the chemistry of metal-organic frameworks, using DNA and other molecules, to make them latch on to tumours. Meanwhile, they are developing methods to make the MOFs that are fast, adjustable and repeatable \u2013 all key requirements for clinical testing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>100-fold boost<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">This year, they made a crucial discovery: that the cytotoxicity, or effectiveness, of cancer drugs is largely determined not by their quantity, but by the specific mechanism by which they are taken up. In fact, adjusting this mechanism with metal-organic frameworks has allowed the researchers to boost the cytotoxicity of simple anti-cancer molecules roughly 100-fold.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Metal-organic frameworks have been touted as saviours for almost everything. Potentially, they could store hydrogen for clean-electricity generation, perform artificial photosynthesis and even detect chemical weapons.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">At the IMDEA Materials Institute in Madrid, Spain, Professor De-Yi Wang is exploring a potentially more widespread application: fire-proofing. Current fire-retardant materials are based on organic molecules containing phosphorous and, although effective, these are bad for the environment and tend to compromise the stiffness of whatever surfaces they are applied to.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">On the other hand, a metal-organic framework can actually improve the mechanical properties of a surface. It can also contain a flame-retardant compound, but use less of it to generate the same protection.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018We can improve the flame retardancy in a more environmental-friendly way, without sacrificing the mechanical performances \u2013 or even improving them,\u2019 said Prof. Wang. When his flame-retardant metal-organic framework is exposed to fire, Prof. Wang explains, instead of burning it simply chars, protecting whatever lies beneath.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>Unstable<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">So far, so good. But issues remain, such as the fact that metal-organic frameworks are not very stable in water \u2013 a problem if, for example, scientists want to incorporate them into water-based, fire-retardant paints. Prof. Wang thinks the answer might be to coat the metal-organic frameworks with surfactants \u2013\u00a0detergent being a common example \u2013\u00a0to help them stabilise and mix with water.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">The good news is that the particular MOFs Prof. Wang and his colleagues are using can already be made quickly and in large batches, which means that a low-cost route to industrialisation looks feasible.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018Many thermal-plastic types of polyester in our daily lives could be endowed with flame retardancy and other functions, such as reinforced mechanical properties,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><em>The research in this article was funded by the EU. If you liked this article, please consider sharing it on social media.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>More info<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"field field-name-field-more-info field-type-text-long field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/rcn\/203219_en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SCoTMOF<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/rcn\/201318_en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MOFMAP<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some materials are special not for what they contain, but for what they don\u2019t contain. Such is the case with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) \u2013 ultra-porous structures that are being developed for a\u00a0variety\u00a0of future applications from fire-proofing to drug-delivery. MOFs are, in fact, the most porous materials known to humankind. One metal-organic framework, so-called NU-110, has &#8230; <a title=\"Large surface area lends superpowers to ultra-porous materials\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/251\/large-surface-area-lends-superpowers-to-ultra-porous-materials\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Large surface area lends superpowers to ultra-porous materials\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":311,"featured_media":253,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,16],"tags":[37,95,97,28],"class_list":["post-251","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","category-technology","tag-health","tag-medicine","tag-nanoscience","tag-technology"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Large surface area lends superpowers to ultra-porous materials - Horizon Magazine Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/251\/large-surface-area-lends-superpowers-to-ultra-porous-materials\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Large surface area lends superpowers to ultra-porous materials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Some materials are special not for what they contain, but for what they don\u2019t contain. Such is the case with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) \u2013 ultra-porous structures that are being developed for a\u00a0variety\u00a0of future applications from fire-proofing to drug-delivery. MOFs are, in fact, the most porous materials known to humankind. One metal-organic framework, so-called NU-110, has ... 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