{"id":2695,"date":"2024-03-08T15:58:12","date_gmt":"2024-03-08T15:58:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=2695"},"modified":"2024-03-08T15:58:12","modified_gmt":"2024-03-08T15:58:12","slug":"wood-building-on-an-abundant-natural-resource","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/2695\/wood-building-on-an-abundant-natural-resource\/","title":{"rendered":"Wood: building on an abundant natural resource"},"content":{"rendered":"

Forests in the EU can help green the European construction industry and bolster a continent-wide push for architectural improvements.<\/p>\n

By<\/em><\/strong> \u00a0Jessica Berthereau<\/p>\n

In France\u2019s southwestern Gironde department, where half the area is covered by forests, authorities in 2022 built a secondary school with wood from local pine trees.<\/p>\n

The Pian-M\u00e9doc school, located between the city of Bordeaux and some of France\u2019s most famous vineyards, reflects a push to find practical uses for wood from nearby trees while protecting forests.<\/p>\n

Showcase housing<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018The aim was to preserve the existing trees as much as possible and to repurpose those that inevitably had to be cut down,\u2019 said Maxim Peveri, a project manager at the Gironde department.<\/p>\n

The department became a central part of a Europe-wide research project that received EU funding to promote the use of wood, which is both a versatile and a recyclable material. Called BASAJAUN<\/a>, the project is due to end this month after four and a half years.<\/p>\n

The flagship result of the initiative is a wooden apartment building that is located adjacent to the Pian-M\u00e9doc school and will house some staff members. The two-storey structure with 16 flats highlights how forest resources can aid rural areas, be sustainably managed and help green the construction industry.<\/p>\n

\u2018This building serves as a demonstration showcase,\u2019 said Dr Javier Garc\u00eda Jaca, coordinator of BASAJAUN and a project director at the Tecnalia Research and Innovation Foundation in Spain.<\/p>\n

The building, due to be inaugurated in April 2024, is made of non-local wood from Spanish and Swedish suppliers of pine, poplar and spruce.<\/p>\n

The facade<\/a> was designed to be disassembled for reuse. It consists of a bio-composite frame, structural insulated panels and a cladding. The panels are plywood boards with natural wood fibre as the insulation material instead of the usual synthetic foam.<\/p>\n

While having the same required technical properties as synthetic foam, natural wood fibre is less polluting.<\/p>\n

The facade was made by an Italian company named Focchi and the insulation panels were manufactured by Spain-based Garnica. Sweden-based Moelven supplied the wood for the internal structure beams. All three companies are partners in BASAJAUN.<\/p>\n

\u2018This building stands as proof that we can transform and improve the construction sector, which has a very high environmental impact,\u2019 said Garc\u00eda Jaca.<\/p>\n

Green growth<\/strong><\/p>\n

BASAJAUN advances one of the European Green Deal\u2019s goals of profoundly transforming production to achieve climate neutrality, including in rural areas.<\/p>\n

And connecting the European Green Deal to people\u2019s daily lives and living spaces is the New European Bauhaus<\/a> initiative, which fuses architecture with sustainability, aesthetics and inclusion. The EU is organising an NEB festival<\/a> in the Belgian capital Brussels on 9-13 April.<\/p>\n

In the EU, buildings are responsible for around 40% of energy consumption and 35% of greenhouse-gas emissions<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, traditional building materials such as concrete and steel are themselves energy-intensive, adding to the greenhouse-gas emissions that cause climate change.<\/p>\n

By contrast, trees mitigate climate change by storing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere when they grow. And wood used in construction continues to store CO2, reducing the carbon footprint of the building industry.<\/p>\n

\u2018By incorporating more wood, buildings can lower emissions and even become carbon sinks,\u2019 said Garc\u00eda Jaca.<\/p>\n

In the groove<\/strong><\/p>\n

Around 39%<\/a> of the EU land area \u2013 or 159 million hectares \u2013 is covered by forests, making them a valuable domestic source of building materials.<\/p>\n

The EU goal is to ensure that wood is sourced sustainably. That means managing forests in a way that promotes biodiversity, protects ecosystems and supports local communities.<\/p>\n

The carbon storage potential of new residential wood buildings in the EU \u2013 if the opportunity to build them were fully exploited \u2013 is 55 million tonnes a year, according to BASAJAUN.<\/p>\n

That\u2019s equivalent to the annual emissions of more than 12 million petrol-powered passenger cars.<\/p>\n

Bio-based materials including wood account for just 3% of the mass of building material used in Europe, according to a 2022 report<\/a>. Of that share, wood accounts for two-thirds.<\/p>\n

BASAJAUN has brought together partners from 11 EU countries stretching from Finland to Portugal. It includes one non-EU participant \u2013 a university from Chile.<\/p>\n

Besides the apartment building near Bordeaux, the project has developed a system for digitally tracking wooden materials used in construction from start to finish.<\/p>\n

Identifying all the steps in the supply chain \u2013 beginning with an individual tree and ending with a specific item in a building \u2013 promises a clearer picture of the economic, environmental and social benefits of wood, according to the project.<\/p>\n

To ensure the wood sector\u2019s voice is heard within the New European Bauhaus, the BASAJAUN team has forged an industry alliance called Wood4Bauhaus.eu.<\/p>\n

Chips are down<\/strong><\/p>\n

Other EU-funded researchers are seeking to ensure that more used wood in Europe gets recycled.<\/p>\n

Their project, called WOODCIRCLES<\/a>, estimates that less than half of European wood waste \u2013 50 million tonnes a year \u2013 is being recycled at present. The project runs for four years through May 2027.<\/p>\n

Wood waste consists of non-virgin timber such as shavings, chippings and large, intact pieces. It gets used by companies in what is known as the particle board industry.<\/p>\n

The main challenge with wood waste is its highly variable quality, according to Dr Anders Kjellow, the coordinator of WOODCIRCLES and centre project manager at the Danish Technological Institute near Copenhagen.<\/p>\n

\u2018Dismantling a building can result in a large pile of wood in various shapes and sizes, potentially mixed with metals and substances or even showing signs of rot,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

The particle board industry addresses this challenge by grinding everything down into small particles. These are then glued and pressed together to make a low-cost product that is mainly for non-load-bearing applications.<\/p>\n

Architects to academics<\/strong><\/p>\n

The WOODCIRCLES team will try to find a way to reuse large pieces of wood without going through the whole process of grinding them down into particles and using those to make load-bearing construction products.<\/p>\n

The pan-European project has brought together 20 organisations covering the entire wood-construction value chain. They include architects, developers, contractors, timber suppliers, academics and digital designers.<\/p>\n

\u2018Our aim is to create complementary value chains to minimise waste and resource consumption,\u2019 said Kjellow.<\/p>\n

WOODCIRCLES also has a strong design focus.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s working on a wood-based building system that can be disassembled for easy re-use, according to Kjellow. The idea is to think about reusing wood from the start to avoid the current bottleneck caused by wood waste.<\/p>\n

\u2018Wood epitomises sustainable material,\u2019 he said. \u2018It\u2019s imperative that we also use it in a sustainable manner.\u2019<\/p>\n

That\u2019s why, decades from now when the wooden apartment building near Bordeaux is decommissioned, its facade will be easily dismantled and the components given a new life in another construction.<\/p>\n

Research in this article was funded by the EU\u2019s Horizon Programme. The views of the interviewees don\u2019t necessarily reflect those of the European Commission.<\/em><\/p>\n

NEW EUROPEAN BAUHAUS<\/strong><\/p>\n

A century after it emerged in Germany, the Bauhaus school of art, architecture and design is getting a rebirth in Europe in a bid to improve urban life.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0New European Bauhaus<\/a>\u00a0(NEB) aims to help cities across the EU become less polluting and more attractive through artistic, cultural and technological projects reaching many millions of residents.<\/p>\n

Initiated by the European Commission in 2020, the NEB has three prime goals: reduce environmental harm including climate change, tackle social inequalities such as exclusion and spruce up public areas.<\/p>\n

Changing the design and use of urban spaces and structures is central to the whole undertaking, with sustainability, inclusion and aesthetics shaping the overall vision.<\/p>\n

While serving policy goals set at EU level, the NEB relies on bottom-up initiatives undertaken by a range of people and organisations. These include city dwellers, artistic groups, architectural experts and local businesses, authorities and students.<\/p>\n

Research is a main feature of the NEB, with\u00a0almost\u00a0\u20ac160 million for EU projects in 2021-2024.<\/p>\n

More info<\/p>\n