{"id":283,"date":"2018-05-18T09:39:40","date_gmt":"2018-05-18T09:39:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=283"},"modified":"2018-05-29T23:41:16","modified_gmt":"2018-05-29T23:41:16","slug":"healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/","title":{"rendered":"Healthy competition intensifies 30-year quest for HIV vaccine"},"content":{"rendered":"

by Frieda Klotz<\/p>\n

In 1984, after HIV was identified as the cause of AIDS, the US secretary of health, Margaret Heckler, declared<\/a> a vaccine would be found within two years. Reports of a mysterious virus predominantly affecting gay men had been growing across the US and, with awareness rising, the World Health Organization had held its first conference to address the global situation earlier that year. But there was still little understanding of how the disease evolved and spread.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The reality of prophylactic treatment proved more challenging than Heckler thought. For 30 years, scientists have unsuccessfully sought a vaccine as one trial after another has sputtered to a halt.<\/p>\n

Now two European research teams are racing towards a vaccine and scientists are increasingly hopeful that their goal is in sight.<\/p>\n

Professor Yves L\u00e9vy<\/a>, chief executive of Inserm, the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, and Professor Guiseppe Pantaleo from the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, are scientific co-coordinators of the European HIV Vaccine Alliance (EHVA), a five-year project to foster the development of an effective vaccine.<\/p>\n

\u2018There is no doubt that EHVA will contribute to the HIV vaccine field with the development of two novel vaccine candidates that will be moved into clinical development (testing in humans),\u2019 said Prof. L\u00e9vy.<\/p>\n

\u2018I am very confident of that, because all the immunologic parameters (measure of the immune system’s response) that we are seeing in the animal models from these new candidate vaccines are promising and are greatly improved as compared to what we were seeing with the old generation vaccines.\u2019<\/p>\n

It\u2019s a long time since an HIV diagnosis meant a death sentence. But a million<\/a> people around the world still die from the disease each year, and 36.7 million<\/a> live with the condition. Medicines for these people costs around \u20ac17 billion annually \u2014 a figure expected to rise to \u20ac30 billion by 2030 \u2014 making the need for a vaccine more pressing than ever.<\/p>\n

Potency and durability<\/strong><\/p>\n

Earlier vaccines have lacked the necessary characteristics of potency and durability, Prof. Pantaleo says \u2014 key hurdles for a drug expected to provide lifetime coverage.<\/p>\n

The EHVA is exploring two approaches which they will merge in a single vaccine, although it may be given in several stages. In one approach, the group has developed an improved protein-based vaccine to create antibodies against HIV. The other is a vaccine with a viral structure \u2014 the same virus that effectively tackled Ebola<\/a> in 2015 \u2014 designed to elicit immunity in infected cells.<\/p>\n

The team is also working on new adjuvants, substances added to the vaccine to stimulate the body\u2019s immune response. Prof. Pantaleo says these ingredients combined will generate the strength and sustained effect that a vaccine needs.<\/p>\n

Professor Robin Shattock, Head of Mucosal Infection and Immunity at Imperial College London, UK, is also feeling hopeful. Tackling HIV is one of the biggest biological challenges of our generation, he says. \u2018You have to be an optimist to work on HIV vaccines.\u2019<\/p>\n

‘You have to be an optimist to work on HIV vaccines.’<\/p>\n

Robin Shattock, Imperial College London, UK<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

He leads the European AIDS Vaccine Initiative (EAVI2020), a five-year project which is also aiming to accelerate the search for an effective HIV vaccine.<\/p>\n

By funding two similar projects at once, the EU aims to inspire a sense of friendly competition between them. But the programmes share researchers and conduct complementary work, careful not to duplicate their efforts. Both Prof. Shattock and Prof. Pantaleo say that either European team would be happy if the other found a vaccine that worked.<\/p>\n

Escaping recognition<\/strong><\/p>\n

Like many viruses, HIV is protean, changing over space and time to escape recognition by the immune system. But HIV is even wilier than most conditions, shifting rapidly within an individual, and as it moves through a community or a new location \u2014 in South Africa, for instance, HIV subtype C predominates, while in Europe subtype B is dominant.<\/p>\n

This complicates the picture for vaccine research, Prof. Shattock explains. \u2018If you think about influenza \u2013 that changes every year, and every year we make a new influenza vaccine,\u2019 he said. \u2018The diversity that you see with influenza is about the same as you would see in one HIV positive individual, over a five-year period.\u2019<\/p>\n

Yet some individuals have produced antibodies that hit all of the circulating strains of HIV. \u2018If we can make a vaccine that reproduces that response, then it would be globally effective,\u2019 Prof. Shattock said.<\/p>\n

EAVI2020\u2019s research also builds on two approaches, one that targets the virus by inducing protective antibodies, and another pursuing the parts of the virus that don\u2019t change, targeting them through T cells, white cells that kill infected target cells.<\/p>\n

Vaccine trials cost much more than those for treatments \u2014 tens of millions of euros \u2014 and because they involve healthy populations, require many more people to show their results. The trials include up to 5,000 subjects, and must occur where the number of new infections is high enough to detect protection against HIV.<\/p>\n

Both EHVA and EAVI2020 plan trials for Africa, although the first trials to establish safety will be carried out in Europe. \u2018Ultimately, to test if a vaccine prevents HIV infection, it needs to be evaluated in a setting where there are about 1% to 4% of new infections a year,\u2019 Prof. Shattock said. \u2018The lower the number of infections, the larger (the) trial\u2019.<\/p>\n

With the stakes so high, scientists researching vaccines are keen to share knowledge and results. In addition to communicating with European scientists, the two groups are threaded with links to international AIDS research. Representatives of the biggest US funder, the National Institutes of Health, and the second biggest, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, sit on the boards of EHVA and EAVI2020.<\/p>\n

Broad collaborations with many partners who bring together different sorts of expertise point the way forward for tackling other intransigent problems, like TB, malaria, emerging infections or cancer. \u2018These large scale projects, actually I think are the only way to solve these very big problems that require multidisciplinary teams,\u2019 Prof. Shattock said.<\/p>\n

Although the clinical discovery process is quicker than in the past, vaccine research moves much more slowly than therapeutic drugs, because they are more complex to manufacture and so slow to enter human studies.<\/p>\n

This means that despite encouraging findings, an HIV vaccine is still several years off. \u2018By the end of the five years we will get the safety data from phase one (the first tests in people),\u2019 Prof. Pantaleo said.<\/p>\n

\u2018If these data are promising \u2014 and provided that we have secured some funding \u2014 I think that it will take eventually another three to five years in order to move potentially this new vaccine into a larger efficacy trial.\u2019<\/p>\n

Originally published on Horizon<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

by Frieda Klotz In 1984, after HIV was identified as the cause of AIDS, the US secretary of health, Margaret Heckler, declared a vaccine would be found within two years. Reports of a mysterious virus predominantly affecting gay men had been growing across the US and, with awareness rising, the World Health Organization had held … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":298,"featured_media":284,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[155,37,154,95,79,24],"class_list":["post-283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-aids","tag-health","tag-hiv","tag-medicine","tag-research","tag-science"],"yoast_head":"\nHealthy competition intensifies 30-year quest for HIV vaccine - Horizon Magazine Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Healthy competition intensifies 30-year quest for HIV vaccine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"by Frieda Klotz In 1984, after HIV was identified as the cause of AIDS, the US secretary of health, Margaret Heckler, declared a vaccine would be found within two years. Reports of a mysterious virus predominantly affecting gay men had been growing across the US and, with awareness rising, the World Health Organization had held ... Read more\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Horizon Magazine Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/horizon.magazine.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-05-18T09:39:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-05-29T23:41:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/05\/HIV-infected_H9_T_cell_6813396647.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Horizon Magazine\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/HorizonMagEU\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Horizon Magazine\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/283\\\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/283\\\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Horizon Magazine\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8f23522ba58f477f04dd574e1034f679\"},\"headline\":\"Healthy competition intensifies 30-year quest for HIV vaccine\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-05-18T09:39:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-05-29T23:41:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/283\\\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1122,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/283\\\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/HIV-infected_H9_T_cell_6813396647.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Aids\",\"health\",\"HIV\",\"medicine\",\"research\",\"science\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Health\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2018\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/283\\\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/283\\\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\\\/\",\"name\":\"Healthy competition intensifies 30-year quest for HIV vaccine - Horizon Magazine Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/283\\\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/283\\\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/HIV-infected_H9_T_cell_6813396647.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-05-18T09:39:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-05-29T23:41:16+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/283\\\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/283\\\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/283\\\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/HIV-infected_H9_T_cell_6813396647.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/HIV-infected_H9_T_cell_6813396647.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1920,\"caption\":\"If the research teams manage to reproduce a response that produces antibodies against all strains of HIV, they could create a universal vaccine. Image credit - NIAID, licensed under CC BY 2.0\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/283\\\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Healthy competition intensifies 30-year quest for HIV vaccine\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/\",\"name\":\"Horizon Magazine Blog\",\"description\":\"The EU Research & Innovation Magazine\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Horizon Magazine Blog\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/eu-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/eu-logo.jpg\",\"width\":601,\"height\":283,\"caption\":\"Horizon Magazine Blog\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8f23522ba58f477f04dd574e1034f679\",\"name\":\"Horizon Magazine\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/407bd816be829798850d5e7f646c4137f70c86c6af6c761b67a6ea80c364ffa4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/407bd816be829798850d5e7f646c4137f70c86c6af6c761b67a6ea80c364ffa4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/407bd816be829798850d5e7f646c4137f70c86c6af6c761b67a6ea80c364ffa4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Horizon Magazine\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/horizon.magazine.eu\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/https:\\\/\\\/twitter.com\\\/HorizonMagEU\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceblog.com\\\/horizon\\\/author\\\/horizonmagazine\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Healthy competition intensifies 30-year quest for HIV vaccine - Horizon Magazine Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Healthy competition intensifies 30-year quest for HIV vaccine","og_description":"by Frieda Klotz In 1984, after HIV was identified as the cause of AIDS, the US secretary of health, Margaret Heckler, declared a vaccine would be found within two years. Reports of a mysterious virus predominantly affecting gay men had been growing across the US and, with awareness rising, the World Health Organization had held ... Read more","og_url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/","og_site_name":"Horizon Magazine Blog","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/horizon.magazine.eu","article_published_time":"2018-05-18T09:39:40+00:00","article_modified_time":"2018-05-29T23:41:16+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1920,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/05\/HIV-infected_H9_T_cell_6813396647.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Horizon Magazine","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/HorizonMagEU","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Horizon Magazine","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/"},"author":{"name":"Horizon Magazine","@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/#\/schema\/person\/8f23522ba58f477f04dd574e1034f679"},"headline":"Healthy competition intensifies 30-year quest for HIV vaccine","datePublished":"2018-05-18T09:39:40+00:00","dateModified":"2018-05-29T23:41:16+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/"},"wordCount":1122,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/05\/HIV-infected_H9_T_cell_6813396647.jpg","keywords":["Aids","health","HIV","medicine","research","science"],"articleSection":["Health"],"inLanguage":"en-US","copyrightYear":"2018","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/","url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/","name":"Healthy competition intensifies 30-year quest for HIV vaccine - Horizon Magazine Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/05\/HIV-infected_H9_T_cell_6813396647.jpg","datePublished":"2018-05-18T09:39:40+00:00","dateModified":"2018-05-29T23:41:16+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/05\/HIV-infected_H9_T_cell_6813396647.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/05\/HIV-infected_H9_T_cell_6813396647.jpg","width":2560,"height":1920,"caption":"If the research teams manage to reproduce a response that produces antibodies against all strains of HIV, they could create a universal vaccine. Image credit - NIAID, licensed under CC BY 2.0"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/283\/healthy-competition-intensifies-30-year-quest-for-hiv-vaccine\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Healthy competition intensifies 30-year quest for HIV vaccine"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/#website","url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/","name":"Horizon Magazine Blog","description":"The EU Research & Innovation Magazine","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/#organization","name":"Horizon Magazine Blog","url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/04\/eu-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/04\/eu-logo.jpg","width":601,"height":283,"caption":"Horizon Magazine Blog"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/#\/schema\/person\/8f23522ba58f477f04dd574e1034f679","name":"Horizon Magazine","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/407bd816be829798850d5e7f646c4137f70c86c6af6c761b67a6ea80c364ffa4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/407bd816be829798850d5e7f646c4137f70c86c6af6c761b67a6ea80c364ffa4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/407bd816be829798850d5e7f646c4137f70c86c6af6c761b67a6ea80c364ffa4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Horizon Magazine"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/horizon.magazine.eu","https:\/\/x.com\/https:\/\/twitter.com\/HorizonMagEU"],"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/author\/horizonmagazine\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/05\/HIV-infected_H9_T_cell_6813396647.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pgtNKV-4z","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1716,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/1716\/five-things-to-know-about-mixing-and-matching-coronavirus-vaccines\/","url_meta":{"origin":283,"position":0},"title":"Five things to know about: Mixing and matching coronavirus vaccines","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"May 5, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Amid global vaccine rollouts, with\u00a0nearly\u00a01.2 billion\u00a0doses currently administered, some countries have recommended a mixed-dose approach where a first prime shot is followed by a booster of a second type.\u00a0 The measure has been introduced by\u00a0France\u00a0and\u00a0Germany\u00a0for people who received a first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine but are in age groups\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Health"","block_context":{"text":"Health","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/health\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/05\/julia-koblitz-6u8SbtZ0q1c-unsplash-scaled.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/05\/julia-koblitz-6u8SbtZ0q1c-unsplash-scaled.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/05\/julia-koblitz-6u8SbtZ0q1c-unsplash-scaled.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/05\/julia-koblitz-6u8SbtZ0q1c-unsplash-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/05\/julia-koblitz-6u8SbtZ0q1c-unsplash-scaled.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/05\/julia-koblitz-6u8SbtZ0q1c-unsplash-scaled.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":739,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/739\/a-new-tb-vaccine-is-within-reach-prof-helen-mcshane\/","url_meta":{"origin":283,"position":1},"title":"A new TB vaccine is within reach \u2013 Prof. Helen McShane","author":"Gary Finnegan","date":"March 22, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Nearly 100 years ago scientists developed a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB). Today, there are 10 million new cases worldwide and\u00a01.6 million deaths\u00a0from the disease every year. Increasingly, these cases are becoming difficult to treat as the bug that causes the disease can be resistant to antibiotics. However, several new TB\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Health"","block_context":{"text":"Health","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/health\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Image credit - Public Domain Files, this picture is in the public domain","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/03\/tblung.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/03\/tblung.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/03\/tblung.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/03\/tblung.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/03\/tblung.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/03\/tblung.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1330,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/1330\/qa-we-are-only-at-the-beginning-of-the-coronavirus-pandemic-prof-peter-piot\/","url_meta":{"origin":283,"position":2},"title":"Q&A: \u2018We are only at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic\u2019 \u2013 Prof. Peter Piot","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"June 26, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"By Annette Ekin We\u2019re only at the start of the coronavirus pandemic although the second wave may take a different form to the first one, says veteran virologist Professor Peter Piot, who has spent the past 40 years tracking down and fighting viruses. Prof. Piot, who helped discover Ebola at\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Health"","block_context":{"text":"Health","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/health\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Even if a vaccine for coronavirus is developed, it's likely that we will have to continue to change the way we interact with each other, says Prof. Piot. Image credit - Mick De Paola\/Unsplash, licenced under Unsplash licence","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/06\/mick-de-paola-SM.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/06\/mick-de-paola-SM.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/06\/mick-de-paola-SM.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/06\/mick-de-paola-SM.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/06\/mick-de-paola-SM.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1490,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/1490\/qa-talking-about-the-race-for-a-coronavirus-vaccine-could-reduce-public-confidence\/","url_meta":{"origin":283,"position":3},"title":"Q&A: Talking about the \u2018race\u2019 for a coronavirus vaccine could reduce public confidence","author":"Richard Gray","date":"November 16, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Efforts to achieve herd immunity against Covid-19 with a vaccine could be hampered by low levels of confidence in immunisation programs in some European countries, warns Professor Heidi Larson, director of the\u00a0Vaccine Confidence Project\u00a0and an anthropologist at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, in the UK. Surveys conducted\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Health"","block_context":{"text":"Health","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/health\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"People\u2019s willingness to have a vaccine changes depending on how at risk they feel, says anthropologist Heidi Larson. Image credit - RF._.studio\/Pexels, licensed under the Pexels licence","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/11\/1024px-Vaccine.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/11\/1024px-Vaccine.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/11\/1024px-Vaccine.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/11\/1024px-Vaccine.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1594,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/1594\/five-things-you-need-to-know-about-delaying-the-gap-between-covid-19-vaccine-doses\/","url_meta":{"origin":283,"position":4},"title":"Five things you need to know about: Delaying the gap between Covid-19 vaccine doses","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"January 22, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"As the first coronavirus vaccines started to be rolled out at the end of a tumultuous 2020, UK officials unexpectedly endorsed\u00a0stretching the gap between the first and second vaccine dose by up to three months\u00a0\u2013 an approach\u00a0also considered by other countries. The rationale is that, with the virus raging alongside\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Health"","block_context":{"text":"Health","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/health\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/01\/1024px-Pfizer-BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine_2020_F.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/01\/1024px-Pfizer-BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine_2020_F.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/01\/1024px-Pfizer-BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine_2020_F.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/01\/1024px-Pfizer-BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine_2020_F.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3297,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/3297\/new-malaria-vaccine-offers-hope-for-mothers-and-babies-across-africa\/","url_meta":{"origin":283,"position":5},"title":"New malaria vaccine offers hope for mothers and babies across Africa","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"October 31, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Malaria takes a devastating toll on pregnant women and their babies across Africa. Now a pioneering EU-funded project is working on a new vaccine to increase protection. By Vittoria D\u2019Alessio Malaria remains a deadly threat for pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa, often leading to miscarriage, stillbirth, low birthweight and serious\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Health"","block_context":{"text":"Health","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/health\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"EU-funded researchers are working to reduce the devastating effects of malaria during pregnancy on both mother and child. \u00a9 Avatar_023, Shutterstock.com","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/30-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/30-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/30-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/30-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/298"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=283"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/284"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}