{"id":2878,"date":"2024-10-16T12:29:04","date_gmt":"2024-10-16T12:29:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=2878"},"modified":"2024-10-16T12:29:04","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T12:29:04","slug":"mapping-the-mind-eu-funded-research-unlocks-secrets-of-the-human-brain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/2878\/mapping-the-mind-eu-funded-research-unlocks-secrets-of-the-human-brain\/","title":{"rendered":"Mapping the mind \u2013 EU-funded research unlocks secrets of the human brain"},"content":{"rendered":"

EU-funded researchers are at the forefront of advancing a deeper understanding of the human brain and accelerating treatments for various neurological conditions.<\/p>\n

By<\/em> Michaela Nesvarova<\/p>\n

Recent breakthroughs in neuroscience sound almost like miracles: neurostimulation techniques that help paralysed patients to walk again, or an implant that could help restore vision to the blind.<\/p>\n

These are just two of the many results of the landmark\u00a0Human Brain Project (HBP)<\/a>, a 10-year-long EU-funded research initiative that has significantly increased science\u2019s understanding of the human brain.<\/p>\n

A vast area of research\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

It is one of the biggest and most ambitious research projects ever funded by the EU, which recently published\u00a0a\u00a0comprehensive 10-year assessment<\/a> of the HBP\u2019s main accomplishments.<\/p>\n

Running between 2013 and 2023, the team involved 150 institutions and hundreds of researchers from across 19 countries. But its size and timespan were proportionate to its research focus, said world-renowned neuroscientist\u00a0Professor Katrin Amunts, who led this ambitious collaboration.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe human brain is the most challenging and interesting research target\u00a0\u2013 comparable to the universe,\u201d she said. \u201cThere isn\u2019t a single lab, or even a country, that has the capacity to comprehensively address the brain\u2019s complexity.\u201d<\/p>\n

That is why, according to Amunts, it was a \u201cbig advantage\u201d that HBP researchers benefitted from such extensive and long-term EU funding.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe achievements we have made would not have been possible otherwise.\u201d<\/p>\n

Help for millions of people\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Brain diseases represent a global challenge, she said, and the accomplishments of the HBP team will help provide better care for millions of people.<\/p>\n

More than\u00a03 billion people<\/a> \u2013 or more than 40% of the global population \u2013 are affected by neurological conditions, making these the leading cause of ill health and disability, and burdening patients, families and caregivers worldwide.<\/p>\n

For Amunts, the answer lies in more research.<\/p>\n

\u201cTo treat brain diseases more effectively requires better understanding of how the brain functions,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

Working at the interface of neuroscience and information technology, HBP researchers have shed considerable light on the brain\u2019s structure, function and dysfunction, leading to new applications in medicine and technology.<\/p>\n

It has already had a noticeable practical impact. There have been breakthroughs, for instance, in understanding sight.<\/p>\n

HBP researchers at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences have created a device capable of transmitting visual patterns directly to the brain\u2019s visual cortex, paving the way for a future revolutionary method for restoring vision.<\/p>\n

Likewise, remarkable advances in neurostimulation are offering new hope for people affected by paralysis.<\/p>\n

In Switzerland, a team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne developed personalised models for spinal cord stimulation, enabling paraplegic patients to stand and walk again.<\/p>\n

Brain atlas\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

One of the project\u2019s key achievements, according to Amunts, was the creation of the brain atlas, which she likens to Google Maps for the brain.<\/p>\n

The atlas maps more than 200 individual brain areas and provides multilevel anatomical reference maps, down to the micrometre level.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is completely unique in its features and details. It allows researchers to zoom in and out to see how different assets of the brain are linked,\u201d Amunts said.<\/p>\n

This overview is crucial to understanding which brain areas are involved in which function, she said. For instance, when a patient has had a stroke, it allows more detailed information to be shared and enables a more personalised response to the patient\u2019s needs.<\/p>\n

The BigBrain section of the atlas was already used in a large clinical trial, the\u00a0EPINOV<\/a> study in France, where scientists used personalised brain models to identify the best target areas for epilepsy surgery. This could improve the lives of millions of epilepsy patients who require surgery to alleviate their symptoms.<\/p>\n

The personalisation technology for these models was also developed in the HBP, by researchers at the University of Marseille.<\/p>\n

Brain-to-computer communication<\/strong><\/p>\n

Beyond health, HBP researchers also made their mark on artificial intelligence (AI), where progress has gone hand in hand with advances in neuroscience. The work of Amunts\u2019 team served as an effective bridge between the two.<\/p>\n

New computing methods have thus become tools for brain research, while our improved understanding of the brain is also helping to advance AI technologies, from neuromorphic computing, modelled on the human brain, to cognitive robotics.<\/p>\n

\u201cResearch in AI, artificial neural networks and neuromorphic computing has direct links to brain research,\u201d said Amunts. \u201cIf we have a better understanding of how the brain learns and functions, we can learn how to build more efficient artificial neural networks.\u201d<\/p>\n

Open access<\/strong><\/p>\n

For Professor Philippe Vernier, director of the Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience in France, \u201cthe HBP has been a true success\u201d.<\/p>\n

Vernier, who is also the director of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research, is leading a follow-up EU-funded research initiative called\u00a0EBRAINS 2.0<\/a> together with Amunts.<\/p>\n

The new initiative is an open platform that offers access to all the digital tools, services and datasets developed within the HBP, including the brain atlases.<\/p>\n

As the decade-long work by HBP researchers progressed, it became clear to Amunts \u201cthat we also had to create a joint digital platform\u201d. For Vernier, having a follow-up EU-funded research project is essential if the scientific community is to reap the benefits of the HBP\u2019s research.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s important to show what the HBP was able to produce and make it available to the larger scientific community,\u201d he said. \u201cEBRAINS is open to all.\u201d<\/p>\n

On the platform, neuroscientists can input and share data and collaborate on brain research.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt could be a real game-changer,\u201d said Vernier. \u201cThe main challenge of brain research is the complexity of the brain. To tackle this, we need to pull together, gather data and shape it into something useful.\u201d<\/p>\n

Changing lives<\/strong><\/p>\n

Such a collective effort is necessary for a better understanding of the brain, and also for treating many brain diseases, such as Alzheimer\u2019s, Parkinson\u2019s and schizophrenia.<\/p>\n

\u201cBy using new tools, we set up the path to better and more personalised treatments for these diseases,\u201d said Vernier.<\/p>\n

In short, the EBRAINS research infrastructure aims to safeguard the HBP\u2019s legacy and bring the latest scientific breakthroughs to clinical trials and hospitals.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe brain is fascinating, and we want to understand its architecture and functions, but we believe we have the responsibility to bring our insights into the clinic and make the lives of patients better,\u201d Amunts said.<\/p>\n

Research in this article was funded by the EU\u2019s Horizon Programme. The views of the interviewees don\u2019t necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. <\/em><\/p>\n

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