{"id":44,"date":"2017-12-06T16:51:04","date_gmt":"2017-12-06T16:51:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=44"},"modified":"2018-05-29T23:42:54","modified_gmt":"2018-05-29T23:42:54","slug":"lifting-the-red-mist-with-research-on-aggression","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/44\/lifting-the-red-mist-with-research-on-aggression\/","title":{"rendered":"Lifting the red mist with research on aggression"},"content":{"rendered":"
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For most people a bit of healthy aggression can give them a competitive edge, but in some it can spill over into violence and now scientists are hoping to unravel why.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Aggression is among the most fundamental of natural behavioural responses seen in all animals. It can help predators secure their next meal and gives prey a fighting chance to survive another day. From cubs to children, playful aggression is also part of a healthy cognitive and physical development.<\/p>\n

But in many modern human societies, aggression is often socially unacceptable, especially when expressed in the wrong situation. It is often associated with violence and crime. For some people, controlling their aggression can be such a problem it can ruin lives and so understanding where it comes from could provide new avenues for treatment.<\/p>\n

\u2018Aggression is not just one concept,\u2019 said Professor Barbara Franke, molecular genetics expert at Radboud University, the Netherlands. \u2018It’s a number of different phenotypes (the characteristics that arise from genes interacting with environment) that have evolved for different purposes, and that are probably supported by different routes in the brain and therefore should be treated differently.\u2019<\/p>\n

She coordinates the EU-funded AggressoType\u00a0project which involves teams of researchers, clinicians and companies who are trying to research the problem from the molecular level up to that of an individual’s behaviour. The aim is to\u00a0understand the mechanisms underlying\u00a0aggressive behaviour and find new ways of preventing and treating it.<\/p>\n

According to Prof. Franke, one of the most promising studies within the project\u00a0involves creating a cheap and fast test to see the impacts of a certain drug on aggression.<\/p>\n

Zebrafish<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Our colleagues in Leicester (UK) and Lissieu (France) developed a screen (test) using zebrafish,\u2019 she said. This makes a good (animal) model because \u2018it does have a short life cycle and produces a lot of offspring, so you can quickly get to a new generation, and there is a good genetic toolbox available if you want to genetically modify your\u00a0fish based on what\u00a0we learn about the genetics of aggression.\u2019<\/p>\n

Other research groups in Mannheim, Germany, and Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland, are testing a therapeutic technique called biofeedback, which gives children visual feedback about their physiological arousal to\u00a0prevent aggression.<\/p>\n

In the UK, Professor Philip Asherson, a molecular psychiatrist at King\u2019s College London, has spent the last four years exploring the neurological basis of aggression and its treatment under the Aggressotype project.<\/p>\n

\u2018It\u2019s like a red mist that descends on them,\u2019 he said. \u2018People click to another mode and it\u2019s hard for them to hold back.\u2019<\/p>\n

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\u2018People click to another mode and it\u2019s hard for them to hold back.\u2019<\/p>\n

-Professor Philip Asherson, King\u2019s College London, UK<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

He is studying aggression in the context of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in prisons. It is work that has already identified potential treatments.<\/p>\n

\u2018A lot of prisoners with ADHD have problems with controlling their emotions,\u2019 he said. \u2018We are doing a randomised trial among prisoners to see whether the compound we administer alters their behaviour, reducing negative aggression.\u2019<\/p>\n

The trial is entirely voluntary, has no bearing on the prisoner’s sentence or care, and those who decline to take part receive treatment available to all with ADHD. So far, early results suggest that treating ADHD with commonly used stimulants can help reduce aggressive behaviour. Researchers hope that once the treatment\u2019s wide ranging impacts are better understood, the therapy might allow prisoners to engage in new positive activities such as education or employment.<\/p>\n

New ways of thinking<\/strong><\/p>\n

The approach perhaps highlights the need for new ways of thinking about aggression that is drawing social scientists and medical scientists closer together in their effort to tackle the issue.<\/p>\n

\u2018Of course you can just think of aggression as a reaction to your environment and focus on supporting people in their early development,\u2019 said Prof. Asherson. \u2018For example, making sure children have a good upbringing in a loving family.\u2019<\/p>\n

But once people develop aggression, they have enormous difficulties in controlling their reactions and treating the problem becomes much harder, he added. It suggests there needs to be a more joined up approach when dealing with aggression and violence.<\/p>\n

This is something that another EU-funded project, called Risky Brains, is hoping to help foster. It is helping to identify the social and political implications of the scientific research into the underlying neurobiology of violence to inform those working on it from a social perspective.<\/p>\n

In the past, the social and medical sciences have worked on the issue of aggression from opposite sides, rarely working together to tackle the common problem.<\/p>\n

\u2018The main challenge is to define violence and aggression, as sometimes the definition neuroscientists use are not very precise, and sometimes even conflicting,\u2019 explained Professor Torsten Heinemann, a sociologist at the University of Hamburg, Germany, who is part of the Risky Brains team. \u2018Now life scientists are coming up with a series of very elaborate definitions, leaving social scientists feeling disregarded after many decades of work.\u2019<\/p>\n

Removing prejudice<\/strong><\/p>\n

His hope is that by combining neuroscience with social science, the project might also help to give a more objective look at what it means to be abnormally violent and it may help to remove common prejudices such as race, wealth or education that often enter discussions on this issue.<\/p>\n

This can creep into even apparently objective scientific studies.\u00a0Prof. Heinemann hopes that efforts such as the Risky Brains project can help to highlight potential flaws in the methods used in research and correct them. It could help researchers who are trying to identify traits \u2013 whether genetic or in their environment \u2013 that might suggest an individual is more likely to be aggressive.<\/p>\n

By identifying the early signs of dysfunctional aggression, it may one day be possible to help those who struggle to control themselves.<\/p>\n

Originally published on Horizon.<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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By \u00a0Vittoria D\u2019Alessio Professor Alessio Fasano is keenly aware of the challenges faced by families that have children with autism. Fasano, a gastroenterologist at Massachusetts General Hospital in the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Health"","block_context":{"text":"Health","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/health\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/01\/25.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/01\/25.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/01\/25.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/01\/25.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/01\/25.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/01\/25.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2397,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/2397\/brain-disorders-trigger-search-for-new-clues-and-cures\/","url_meta":{"origin":44,"position":3},"title":"Brain disorders trigger search for new clues and cures","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"June 7, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Scientists are refining their understanding of neural networks and sharpening diagnoses. By Vittoria D\u2019Alessio For two years, Dr Islem Rekik ran an EU-funded study to establish what the neural networks in a healthy brain looked like so that dysfunctional ones could become easier to spot. Rekik and her team took\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Brain & Behavior"","block_context":{"text":"Brain & Behavior","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/brain-behavior\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/06\/7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/06\/7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/06\/7.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/06\/7.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/06\/7.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/06\/7.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2484,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/2484\/hope-emerges-for-women-with-debilitating-hormonal-disorder\/","url_meta":{"origin":44,"position":4},"title":"Hope emerges for women with debilitating hormonal disorder\u00a0","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"September 6, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Recent research findings may help ease an illness that causes enlarged ovaries. 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She was forced\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Health"","block_context":{"text":"Health","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/health\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/6-scaled.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/6-scaled.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/6-scaled.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/6-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/6-scaled.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/6-scaled.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1328,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/1328\/bacteria-are-always-at-war-understanding-their-use-of-weapons-may-lead-to-antibiotic-alternatives\/","url_meta":{"origin":44,"position":5},"title":"Bacteria are always at war. 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