{"id":457,"date":"2018-09-13T10:42:14","date_gmt":"2018-09-13T10:42:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=457"},"modified":"2018-09-13T10:42:14","modified_gmt":"2018-09-13T10:42:14","slug":"plate-tectonics-observatory-to-create-seismic-shift-in-earthquake-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/457\/plate-tectonics-observatory-to-create-seismic-shift-in-earthquake-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Plate tectonics observatory to create seismic shift in earthquake research"},"content":{"rendered":"
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We may never be able to entirely predict earthquakes such as those that hit central Italy in 2016, but we could better assess how they\u2019re going to play out by joining up data from different scientific fields in a new Europe-wide observatory, say scientists.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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In 2016 and early 2017, a series of major earthquakes rocked central Italy. In the hill town of Amatrice, one magnitude-6.2 earthquake devastated the town and claimed the lives of nearly 300 people, with hundreds more injured.<\/p>\n

Richard Walters, an assistant professor in the Department of Earth Sciences at Durham University, UK, has been studying a variety of datasets to understand how these quakes played out. He and his colleagues\u00a0found<\/a>\u00a0that a network of underground faults meant there was a series of seismic events rather than one major earthquake \u2013 a finding that could help scientists predict how future seismic events unroll.<\/p>\n

\u2018We were only able to achieve this by analysing a huge variety of datasets,\u2019 said Dr Walters. These included catalogues of thousands of tiny aftershocks, maps of earthquake ruptures measured by geologists clambering over Italian hillslopes, GPS-based ground-motion measurements, data collected by a satellite hundreds of kilometres up, and seismological data from a global network of instruments.<\/p>\n

\u2018Many of these datasets or processed products were generously shared by other scientists for free, and were fundamental to our results,\u2019 he said. \u2018This is how we make big advances.\u2019<\/p>\n

At the moment, this type of research can rely on having a strong network of contacts and disadvantage those without them. That\u2019s where a new initiative called the European Plate Observing System (EPOS), set to launch in 2020, comes in.<\/p>\n

The aim is to create an online tool that brings together data products and knowledge into a central hub across the solid Earth science disciplines.<\/p>\n

\u2018The idea is that a scientist can go to the EPOS portal, where they can find a repository with all the earthquake rupture models, historical earthquake data and strain maps, and use this data to make an interpretative model,\u2019 said Professor Massimo Cocco, the project\u2019s coordinator.<\/p>\n

\u2018A scientist studying an earthquake, a volcano, a tsunami, and so on, needs to be able to access very different data generated by different communities.’<\/p>\n

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\u2018While in Europe’s current climate politicians may be putting up borders, scientists in those same countries are trying even harder to break down national barriers.’
\n– Dr Richard Walters, Durham University, UK<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n

Mosaic<\/strong><\/p>\n

At the moment, findings on solid Earth science at a European scale are scattered among a mosaic of hundreds of research organisations. The challenge is to incorporate a variety of accessible information from many different scientific fields, using a combination of real-time, historical and interpretative data.<\/p>\n

EPOS will integrate data from 10 areas of Earth science, including seismology, geodesy, geological data, volcano observations, satellite data products and anthropogenic \u2013 or human-influenced \u2013 hazards.<\/p>\n

It will help build on the type of data integration that happened after the Amatrice quake, in which the lead organisation behind EPOS \u2013 Italy\u2019s National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) \u2013 was involved in coordinating and fostering data sharing.<\/p>\n

This included real-time data from temporary sensor deployments, as well as seismic hazard maps, satellite data products and geophysical data \u2013 leading to a first model of the quake\u2019s causative source within 48 hours to aid emergency planning.<\/p>\n

So far, a prototype of the portal has been developed and it will now be tested by users over the coming year to make sure it meets needs.<\/p>\n

Dr Walters said that EPOS is right on time. \u2018Projects like EPOS are especially timely and valuable right now, as many of the subdisciplines that make up solid Earth geoscience are entering the era of big data,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull<\/strong><\/p>\n

The eruption of Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull in 2010 highlights another issue that EPOS is hoping to improve \u2013 the challenge of coordination across borders. Though this event did not cost human lives, it had a much wider impact in Europe, leading to flights being grounded throughout the region and costing airlines an estimated \u20ac1.3 billion.<\/p>\n

In such cases, said Prof. Cocco, it helps to know factors such as the ash\u2019s composition, something that affects how a plume travels but is not necessarily included in the models of meteorologists. That knowledge could be gained through access to volcanology data, and also used by aviation authorities and airlines, potentially to design systems to protect engines.<\/p>\n

Prof. Cocco said the idea is that EPOS could also be used by people outside the research community to \u2018increase the resilience of society to geohazards\u2019. An engineer or organisation could use data on ground shaking or earthquake occurrence to aid safe exploitation of resources or evaluate risks in building a nuclear power plant, for example.<\/p>\n

In addition, the aim is to make it easier for students or young scientists to interpret data through tools, software, tutorials and discovery services, rather than having access to just raw data. \u2018Otherwise, you are providing only usability to skilled scientists,\u2019 said Prof. Cocco. \u2018This, to me, is the only way to achieve open science.\u2019<\/p>\n

At present, the EPOS community comprises about 50 partners across 25 European countries, with hundreds of research infrastructures, institutes and organisations providing data. The organisation has, meanwhile, submitted a final application to become a legal entity known as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), with a decision establishing the ERIC expected within the next two months. This official status will aid integration with other national and European organisations, and have benefits in the allocation of funding, said Prof. Cocco.<\/p>\n

Professor Giulio Di Toro, a structural geologist at the University of Padova in Italy,\u00a0said it is great to have this type of hub to bring information together and improve access<\/a>, but also important to ensure that it doesn\u2019t lead to an increase in bureaucracy. If institutions come up against funding issues, it could also pose a challenge to their ability to share data, he added: \u2018If for some years you don\u2019t get grants, you will not produce data to share.\u2019<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, Dr Walters sees a positive spirit reflected in these types of initiative. \u2018While in Europe\u2019s current climate politicians may be putting up borders,\u2019 he said, \u2018scientists in those same countries are trying even harder to break down national barriers, and working together to build something better for everyone.\u2019<\/p>\n

The implementation phase of EPOS is being part-funded by\u00a0the EU. If you liked this article, please consider sharing it on social media.<\/em><\/p>\n

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European Research Infrastructure<\/h3>\n

European research infrastructures are facilities, resources and services that help bring research together and promote interdisciplinary collaboration. One high-profile example is the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), based in Geneva, Switzerland.<\/p>\n

The idea is that pooling efforts to build major scientific equipment, develop online data or establish communication networks will help Europe to train and attract the best researchers and make new discoveries in science and technology. The EU set aside \u20ac2.5 billion to support these between 2014 and 2020 as part of its Horizon 2020 research funding programme.<\/p>\n

The role of Europe\u2019s research infrastructure in helping to solve global challenges and achieve the UN\u2019s strategic development goals will be one of the focuses of the 4th\u00a0International Conference for Research Infrastructures (ICRI)<\/a>\u00a0organised by the European Commission and the Austrian Presidency of the EU from 12 to 14 September.<\/p>\n

Originally published at Horizon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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In 2016 and early 2017, a series of major earthquakes rocked … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":298,"featured_media":459,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[11,121],"tags":[197],"class_list":["post-457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-energy-environment","category-policy","tag-eric"],"yoast_head":"\nPlate tectonics observatory to create seismic shift in earthquake research - Horizon Magazine Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/457\/plate-tectonics-observatory-to-create-seismic-shift-in-earthquake-research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Plate tectonics observatory to create seismic shift in earthquake research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We may never be able to entirely predict earthquakes such as those that hit central Italy in 2016, but we could better assess how they\u2019re going to play out by joining up data from different scientific fields in a new Europe-wide observatory, say scientists. 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But about 20 years ago, a new type of earthquake was discovered. We cannot feel them, and geologists still know very little about them, such as how often they occur. Regular earthquakes occur when rock underground breaks along a fault \u2013\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Earth, Energy & Environment"","block_context":{"text":"Earth, Energy & Environment","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/earth-energy-environment\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Unlike regular earthquakes, which can cause visible damage, slow earthquakes cannot be felt at the Earth's surface. 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