{"id":498,"date":"2018-10-12T12:10:53","date_gmt":"2018-10-12T12:10:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=498"},"modified":"2018-10-12T12:13:43","modified_gmt":"2018-10-12T12:13:43","slug":"climate-actions-that-lift-people-out-of-poverty-are-often-most-cost-effective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/498\/climate-actions-that-lift-people-out-of-poverty-are-often-most-cost-effective\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate actions that lift people out of poverty are often most cost-effective"},"content":{"rendered":"

The most cost-effective climate change actions are also those that could help us achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) such as ending poverty and hunger, according to Dr Keywan Riahi, director of the energy program of the International Institute Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Austria, who says the first step should be to cut our energy demand.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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He researches the link between climate and development and contributed to the IPCC assessment published on 8 October, which looked at the impact of global warming of a 1.5\u02daC increase and how to limit it to this level.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The IPCC report looks, among other things, at the impact of climate change on development. What do we know now that we didn\u2019t before?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018What the report really clarifies well is the big difference between 1.5 and 2 (degrees), in terms of impact. Half a degree really matters. In terms of the most vulnerable, we have much higher exposure and a lot more extreme events if we don\u2019t manage to limit warming to 1.5 degrees. Before the report it was not so clear that there was such a big difference.\u2019<\/p>\n

How does the 1.5\u02daC warming scenario compare to 2\u02daC?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018You have in a 1.5\u02da<\/strong>C world, on average hundreds of millions \u2013 the report mentions 490 million \u2013 (of) people less exposed to multisectoral extreme events than in a 2\u02da<\/strong>C world. Most of these people are in areas where people are most vulnerable because they are the poorest of the world. Which means they don\u2019t have the capacity to adapt as well. And this is a very big number compared to what I think most people perceived (before the report).\u2019<\/p>\n

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‘Any unit of energy that we don\u2019t use is not only greenhouse gas neutral, it does not have air pollution attached to it, it does not have health impacts, it is secure in terms of energy security and so on.’<\/p>\n

Dr Keywan Riahi, International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, Austria<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n

How do we tackle climate change and development at the same time?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018The report emphasised a lot the multiple benefits of successfully and fundamentally changing energy demand. Trying to limit the size of the (energy) system is extremely important because it gives you more flexibility to choose different supply-side technologies. And it also helps to maximise synergies with other non-climate objectives like the (UN\u2019s)\u00a0sustainable development goals<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u2018Any unit of energy that we don\u2019t use is not only greenhouse gas neutral, it does not have air pollution attached to it, it does not have health impacts, it is secure in terms of energy security and so on.\u2019<\/p>\n

Is there an automatic link between climate change action and sustainable development or does it depend on the choices we make?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Any fundamental change to the energy system means that the sustainable development goals will be affected \u2013 sometimes there might be trade-offs, sometimes there might be synergies. But whether those synergies can be realised or whether trade-offs will appear at the end depends on the choices we make in terms of the mitigation portfolio (the actions we take). It also depends on the policy instruments and the local context.\u2019<\/p>\n

Such as?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Think about possible negative impacts, for example, of mitigation actions for food, and competition over land for bioenergy. You can create competition over land, food prices might be impacted, but the trade-off is particularly for the very poor \u2013 whether they can afford food in the future. So you can think about complementary measures to climate policy which would shield the poor and would help you at the end to avoid those (other) trade-offs.<\/p>\n

\u2018The (IPCC) report clearly shows that, particularly for lack of energy access and food and water security, those complementary measures would actually be much less costly compared to the real mitigation investments.\u2019<\/p>\n

You lead a project,\u00a0<\/strong>CD-LINKS<\/strong><\/a>, looking into the link between climate and development. How did your work feed into the report?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Many of the conclusions about the linkages between climate policies and the SDGs are directly underpinned by the assessment done in CD-LINKS. Another important area was the assessment of investment. So, the assessment of how much investments are needed in the energy supply and energy demand \u2013 and the economic implications of those \u2013 are based on\u00a0work by (David) McCollum<\/a>, one of the synthesis papers of the CD-LINKS project.\u2019<\/p>\n

And what did you find?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018We describe a range of $1.6 trillion to $3.8 trillion investment into the energy supply and around $0.7 to $1 trillion into energy demand, and then specify that this is means overall only 40% more investments than in a case without any climate policies.\u2019<\/p>\n

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\"Dr
Dr Keywan Riahi said the first step in limiting global warming should be curbing energy demand. Image credit – Dr Riahi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

That\u2019s at a global level but you\u2019re also creating recommendations of how specific countries can meet both climate and sustainable development goals. Can you tell us about that?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018There is a lot of work within CD-LINKS that looks into national pathways to achieve deep and rapid decarbonisation (by mid-century). (We are also) trying to understand (how) the contributions that have been made, bottom up, by different countries, can add up globally \u2013 and is what we see in terms of actions sufficient to achieve the long-term objectives of the\u00a0Paris Agreement<\/a>? And, if not, where can we ratchet up the effort most effectively in order to adjust the stringency of climate policies across different countries?<\/p>\n

\u2018We have 75% of all emissions represented in the project. We have the representatives of national modelling teams of China, India, the US, Russia, Korea, Japan, Brazil and other countries, Europe of course, which are all trying to work together and to see where can we most effectively ratchet up action.\u2019<\/p>\n

Everyone needs to decarbonise, so where do the national differences lie?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018First of all, the pace of the emissions reduction really differs across different countries because the development needs are also quite different. In Japan, for example, and the US and in Europe (which have stringent targets), they (should) achieve zero emissions before or around mid-century. In other countries, for example, like India, you might not reach zero emissions before the end of the century, simply because there is a lot of additional demand expected in those countries to provide decent living for everybody.<\/p>\n

\u2018Different countries differ also a lot in terms of the emphasis and portfolio of mitigation measures. In countries like Brazil,\u00a0for example, bioenergy and land-based options play a much bigger role than, for example, in China. This gives quite different mechanisms about how to upscale climate action.\u2019<\/p>\n

And the similarities?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018What all the countries have in common is this emphasis on efficiency \u2013 demand-side changes \u2013 including valuing services related to energy much more than we do at the moment.<\/p>\n

‘It\u2019s about electrification of the demand sectors \u2013 because electricity can be decarbonised quickly. And if you switch many of the services at household level, industry level but also at transport level, you can benefit from that rapid decarbonisation of electricity. Which is not possible for oil so easily, or for natural gas.\u2019<\/p>\n

What does all this mean for the person on the street?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018I think what is really important to recognise is that every decision that we make in our daily lives has an impact in terms of its climate consequences. It is our choices as consumers, we are basically at the steering wheel of this transformation. That\u2019s why I\u2019m emphasising the demand-side measures.<\/p>\n

\u2018The problem that I see is that people do not have the information to make educated choices which might be more climate-friendly. If you buy a product, you simply don\u2019t know how greenhouse-gas-intensive it is. So we simply cannot make a choice because we do not have the information. And in other areas it is very often not possible to make the choices because the boundary conditions and infrastructure is not in place. If you are living in a city without a subway system, you are bound to take a car and make choices which are not climate friendly.<\/p>\n

\u2018Policy makers and the governments need to incentivise that the public is making the right choices.\u2019<\/p>\n

This interview has been edited for length and clarity.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Global warming of 1.5\u00b0C<\/h3>\n

There would be a significant difference in the effects of global warming if we could hold it to 1.5\u00b0C rather than 2\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels, according to a\u00a0special report from the UN’s intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC)<\/a>, published on 8 October.<\/p>\n

These include a sea level rise that is 10cm lower than if global warming were to reach 2\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels, a reduced risk of an ice-free Arctic Ocean and a lower impact on human health and wellbeing.<\/p>\n

However, the report, which contains 6,000 scientific references and contributions from thousands of reviewers, said that to limit global warming in this way would require rapid, far-reaching and unprecedented changes in all aspects of society.<\/p>\n

It is expected to form a key scientific input to the COP24 climate talks in Katowice, Poland, from 3 to 14 December, where governments review the Paris Agreement to tackle climate change.<\/p>\n

Originally published on Horizon<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The most cost-effective climate change actions are also those that could help us achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) such as ending poverty and hunger, according to Dr Keywan Riahi, director of the energy program of the International Institute Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Austria, who says the first step should be to cut our energy … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":309,"featured_media":499,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[11],"tags":[126,40,4,132,37,79,24],"class_list":["post-498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-energy-environment","tag-climate-change","tag-energy","tag-environment","tag-global-warming","tag-health","tag-research","tag-science"],"yoast_head":"\nClimate actions that lift people out of poverty are often most cost-effective - Horizon Magazine Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/498\/climate-actions-that-lift-people-out-of-poverty-are-often-most-cost-effective\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Climate actions that lift people out of poverty are often most cost-effective\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The most cost-effective climate change actions are also those that could help us achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) such as ending poverty and hunger, according to Dr Keywan Riahi, director of the energy program of the International Institute Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Austria, who says the first step should be to cut our energy ... 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