{"id":615,"date":"2019-01-02T10:01:17","date_gmt":"2019-01-02T10:01:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=615"},"modified":"2019-01-02T10:03:27","modified_gmt":"2019-01-02T10:03:27","slug":"intelligent-prostheses-and-electric-aircraft-what-to-look-out-for-in-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/615\/intelligent-prostheses-and-electric-aircraft-what-to-look-out-for-in-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"Intelligent prostheses and electric aircraft – what to look out for in 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"
by Jack Cowls<\/div>\n

A \u20ac30 carbon price in 100 countries, proof that gene editing can correct epilepsy, and the ability to pinpoint the location of fast radio bursts from space thanks to new telescopes are just some of the breakthroughs that European scientists told Horizon would make the biggest difference to their field in 2019.<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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Scalable plasma wakefields –\u00a0Dr Edda Gschwendtner<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image Credit – Edda Gschwendtner<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Following 2018\u2019s demonstration of a plasma wakefield accelerator that accelerated electrons to more than 1 gigaelectronvolt, a milestone in particle physics, Dr Edda Gschwendtner from CERN says that the next challenge is to show that the process is scalable and able to be used for experiments such as the search for dark photons. \u20182019 will be a very special year also, as we will move from a proof-of-concept experiment to an accelerator experiment.\u2019<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0Plasma accelerators could overcome size limitations of Large Hadron Collider<\/a><\/p>\n

\u20ac30 carbon price –\u00a0Professor Johan Rockstr\u00f6m<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image credit – M. Axelsson\/Azote<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Professor Johan Rockstr\u00f6m, co-director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany, says that having 100 countries with a price on carbon of at least \u20ac30 per tonne would tip the scales of climate action in the right direction and show that countries were taking climate change seriously. \u2018Today we have 50 countries with a price on carbon and if we could double that in 2019, then we would be on a very positive trajectory,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0Eliminating coal, oil and natural gas is the easy part of fighting climate change \u2013 Johan Rockstrom<\/a><\/p>\n

Anti-vaccine rhetoric containment –\u00a0Dr Heidi Larson<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image Credit – Heidi Larson<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Vaccination expert and anthropologist Dr Heidi Larson from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK, says that we should take lessons in how to combat negative messaging online from elsewhere in order to tackle anti-vaccination sentiment. \u2018(We need) to bring to the whole social media landscape the kind of rigour that is currently going on around containing hate rhetoric \u2026 and bring that same lens to reduce the same dynamics which are happening across the vaccine landscape.\u2019<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0Rise in vaccine hesitancy related to pursuit of purity \u2013 Prof. Heidi Larson<\/a><\/p>\n

Epilepsy correction –\u00a0Professor David Henshall<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image credit – David Henshall<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Professor David Henshall from the Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland, believes that this year we will likely see experimental proof that a genetic form of epilepsy can be corrected using a genome-editing tool such as CRISPR to repair the faulty gene or insert a healthy copy. \u2018Given the rapid advances being made in gene therapy delivery vectors, the combination could offer life-changing new treatment options for people with devastating forms of this brain disease,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0Simple blood test could reveal epilepsy risk<\/a><\/p>\n

AI-designed drugs –\u00a0Professor Lee Cronin<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image credit – University of Glasgow<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Professor Lee Cronin from the University of Glasgow in the UK predicts that we will see an increased digitalisation of chemistry, including a programming language that allows drug discovery and the fabrication of complex molecules. \u2018(This) will not only lead to the discovery and design of new molecules, but lay the groundwork for the discovery of complex chemical systems that could be used to understand the origin of life and make artificial life forms in the laboratory,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0Tenfold improvement in liquid batteries mean electric car refuelling could take minutes<\/a><\/p>\n

Social network transparency –\u00a0Dr Vidya Narayanan<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image credit – Vidya Narayanan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Dr Vidya Narayanan from the computational propaganda project at the UK\u2019s Oxford Internet Institute is studying how the spread of misinformation on social platforms such as Facebook and Twitter is manipulating public opinion. She said to tackle the problem it is important for researchers to have access to public data on social media platforms. \u2018An important breakthrough would therefore be increased transparency from social media platforms and a willingness to share public data with researchers.\u2019<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0Facebook and Twitter need a redesign to fight junk news<\/a><\/p>\n

Dark energy proof –\u00a0Professor Subir Sarkar\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image credit – Subir Sarkar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Particle physicist Professor Subir Sarkar from the University of Oxford in the UK believes the biggest breakthrough for particle theory would be better evidence of dark energy \u2013 the phenomenon that scientists hypothesis is causing the accelerated expansion of the universe. \u2018Then we can be sure that the standard model of cosmology is right – and if dark energy really exists it will have a profound impact on our thinking about fundamental physics,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

Read: \u00a0Dark energy is the biggest mystery in cosmology, but it may not exist at all – leading physicist<\/a><\/p>\n

Reversed ageing –\u00a0Professor Ton Rabelink<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image credit – Arno Massee Fotografie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Professor Ton Rabelink from Leiden University in the Netherlands says that is we can scale up the lab-based production of tissues from stem cells in a safe, standardised manner, it would enable the field of regenerative medicine to go beyond injecting cells into the body and towards micro-tissue transplants that can partially recapitulate organ function. \u2018One could harness the endogenous (internal) regenerative potential of the human body to reverse ageing and promote tissue homeostasis.\u2019<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0Europe is in danger of being out-innovated in regenerative medicine \u2013 Prof. Ton Rabelink<\/a><\/p>\n

Renewable fuel pilots –\u00a0Professor Souzana Lorentzou<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image credit – Souzana Lorentzou<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Professor Souzana Lorentzou from the Centre for Research and Technology Hellas in Greece says that while our long-term climate challenge is to completely replace fossil energy sources with 100% renewable ones, existing technologies must be improved to reduce emissions in the short term. \u2018Pilot demonstration installations of the production of renewable solar fuels, chemicals and commodities in 2019 would be an important breakthrough on the path towards maturation for the most prominent technologies.\u2019<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0Hydrogen use doesn\u2019t emit carbon but its production often does. That could soon change<\/a><\/p>\n

Cancer resistance explanation –\u00a0Professor C\u00e9dric Blanpain<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image credit – Fondation ULB<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Cancer expert Professor C\u00e9dric Blanpain from the Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles in Belgium believes that the best change for a breakthrough in treating the disease would be if we can identify how cancer cells are able to resist therapy. \u2018Understanding such mechanisms can lead to the development of new combinations of treatments which will alleviate resistance to therapy in cancer patients, increasing the chance of being cured after therapy and avoiding relapse,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0\u00a0Discovery of hybrid cancer cells reveals how disease spreads<\/a><\/p>\n

Saturn mission –\u00a0Professor Frank Postberg<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image credit – Frank Postberg<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

For Professor Frank Postberg, whose work helped to identify the carbon-based molecules found this year on one of Saturn\u2019s moons, the breakthrough is simple. \u2018A decision for a space mission to Saturn\u2019s ocean moon Enceladus to explore the possibilities for extra-terrestrial life at its subsurface hydrothermal systems,\u2019 he said. This would allow scientists to probe further, now they know where and what to look for.<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0Ingredients for life on Saturn\u2019s moon may be \u2018tip of the iceberg\u2019<\/a><\/p>\n

Fast radio burst locations –\u00a0Professor Phil Diamond<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image credit – Phil Diamond<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Professor Phil Diamond, Director General of the Square Kilometer Array radio telescope, says that 2019 is the year when new telescopes such as the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) and the South African MeerKAT will be fully operational, which means we will have the capacity to locate fast radio bursts (FRBs) \u2013 high-energy, extremely bright bursts of radio emission that last just a few milliseconds. \u2018When this can be done for hundreds to thousands of FRBs, we\u2019ll have a picture of their location in space and time across the universe,\u2019 he said. \u2018They can be then used for high-precision cosmology.\u2019<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0SKA ‘time machine’ will be able to detect formation of first stars, galaxies<\/a><\/p>\n

Human-machine interfaces –\u00a0Serena Fruttaldo<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image credit – Serena Fruttaldo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

For Serena Fruttaldo of Loughborough University, UK, the conversation about how to get people to use electric and automated vehicles needs to move away from concerns about battery range or transition of control and towards how people interact with the vehicle. \u2018A shift of paradigm is needed: HMI (the human- machine interface) is to be conceived as a key technological enabler to enhance the role of the driver,\u2019 she said.<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0Fleets of compact e-vehicles could help battle air pollution<\/a><\/p>\n

Personalised nutrition –\u00a0Professor Loraine Brennan<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image Credit – University College Dublin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Professor Loraine Brennan from University College Dublin, Ireland, says that we already know how to detect someone\u2019s dietary intake from indicators known as biomarkers, but a breakthrough would be in using this data to better deliver dietary advice. \u2018Further development of this area has the potential to allow the delivery of personalised advice to large segments of the population,\u2019 she said.<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0Personalised nutrition to serve up a healthy life with a side of living longer<\/a><\/p>\n

Intelligent prostheses –\u00a0Dr Tamar Makin<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image Credit – Dr Tamar Makin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Dr Tamar Makin, a neuroscientist at University College London, UK, is excited about recent efforts to incorporate machine learning in arm prosthetics. Currently, most robotic prosthetics are operated by reading a muscle signal from the user’s arm. \u2018With sophisticated pattern recognition techniques, the prosthesis “learns” to recognise more complex and potentially subtle muscle signals, allowing the users to match how they operate their prosthesis with how they move their biological body,\u2019 she said.<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0From robotic companions to third thumbs, machines can change the human brain<\/a><\/p>\n

Beneficial microbes –\u00a0Dr Lolke Sijtsma<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image Credit – Lolke Sijtsma<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Dr Lolke Sijtsma from Wageningen University and Research in the Netherlands foresees that in 2019 beneficial microbes will play an important role in helping Europe move to a zero-waste economy. \u2018I expect we will find new opportunities for the production of high-value products, chemicals and improved foods by using microorganisms, not only bacteria but also yeast and algae,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0Seaweed coffee cups could help ditch single-use plastics<\/a><\/p>\n

Cooperative factory robots –\u00a0Dr Sotiris Makris<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Image Credit – Dr Sotiris Makris<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Dr Sotiris Makris from the University of Patras, Greece, believes we will see factory floors populated with cooperative robots. \u2018The new factory will comprise intuitive and safe cooperating robots in collaborating with humans, thus eliminating physical barriers such as fences and enclosures,\u2019 he said. \u2018This will be possible by introducing cognitive capabilities that will allow the robots to detect the human and its intentions and ensure that no harmful action is taken.\u2019Read:<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0Robots and workers of the world, unite!<\/a><\/p>\n

Electric aircraft –\u00a0Professor Aldo Frediani<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"Image
Image credit – Prof. Aldo Frediani<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Professor Aldo Frediani from the University of Pisa in Italy says that the debate on the future of air transport is going to grow, with different options for aircraft design, including electric engines, on the table. \u2018(I think) next year could see some interesting results on full electric propulsion of very light aircraft and on hybrid propulsion of small and general aviation aircraft.\u2019<\/p>\n

Read:\u00a0Radical closed-wing aircraft design could see greener skies take flight<\/a><\/p>\n

Originally published on Horizon<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

by Jack Cowls A \u20ac30 carbon price in 100 countries, proof that gene editing can correct epilepsy, and the ability to pinpoint the location of fast radio bursts from space thanks to new telescopes are just some of the breakthroughs that European scientists told Horizon would make the biggest difference to their field in 2019. … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":298,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[79,24],"class_list":["post-615","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-research","tag-science"],"yoast_head":"\nIntelligent prostheses and electric aircraft - what to look out for in 2019 - Horizon Magazine Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/615\/intelligent-prostheses-and-electric-aircraft-what-to-look-out-for-in-2019\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Intelligent prostheses and electric aircraft - what to look out for in 2019\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"by Jack Cowls A \u20ac30 carbon price in 100 countries, proof that gene editing can correct epilepsy, and the ability to pinpoint the location of fast radio bursts from space thanks to new telescopes are just some of the breakthroughs that European scientists told Horizon would make the biggest difference to their field in 2019. ... 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