{"id":640,"date":"2019-01-17T12:13:53","date_gmt":"2019-01-17T12:13:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=640"},"modified":"2019-01-17T12:13:53","modified_gmt":"2019-01-17T12:13:53","slug":"preparing-for-extreme-weather","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/640\/preparing-for-extreme-weather\/","title":{"rendered":"Preparing for extreme weather"},"content":{"rendered":"
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By Jonathan O’Callaghan\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

From high winds and heavy rainfall to droughts and plummeting temperatures, people in Europe have already begun to feel the effects of extreme weather. As we get used to this new reality, scientists are investigating how it will affect how we get around and whether our infrastructure can cope.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Most scientists predict that climate change will lead to\u00a0worsening weather<\/a>. This could include more severe snow storms, heavier rainfall and wildfires. These can have disastrous effects on our transport network, causing critical tunnels or bridges to close and, in the worst circumstances, leading to injuries and fatalities. The cost of infrastructure collapse from weather is estimated at\u00a0\u20ac29 billion<\/a>\u00a0a year.<\/p>\n

\u2018The general idea is that these types of extreme weather events will get more and more (severe) in future,\u2019 said Dr Angelos Amditis from the Institute of Communication and Computer Systems (ICCS) in Greece. \u2018This will be a major issue for our society in the future, and this will really affect our daily lives and ways of moving, working or living.\u2019<\/p>\n

He is one of a number of researchers who are now studying how we might cope with these situations. They are hoping to develop technologies and methods that can help people and emergency services get real-time information on any serious events, and plan accordingly.<\/p>\n

Critical<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr Amditis runs a project called\u00a0RESIST<\/a>, whose goal is to ensure that critical parts of our transport network can cope with extreme events, both natural ones like weather to human-caused events like cyber-attacks.<\/p>\n

To do this, the project, which began in September, will be focusing on two important transport routes \u2013 the T9 bridge in Greece, and the Saint Petronilla tunnel in Italy \u2013 both of which, if shut down, would cause huge problems. A pilot project to test extreme weather resilience will be carried out at the former in February 2021, and the latter in July 2021.<\/p>\n

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‘(Extreme weather) will really affect our daily lives and ways of moving, working or living.’<\/p>\n

Dr Angelos Amditis, Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, Greece.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n

When it comes to extreme weather, these roadways are most at risk from heavy snowfall and rainfall, with flooding in particular being a serious concern. In such cases, bridges and roads can be closed for hours or even days, leaving many people stranded on either side as they are unable to travel.<\/p>\n

\u2018If you just lose one road you can usually find a way to go around it,\u2019 said Dr Amditis. \u2018But if you lose a tunnel or bridge, then you have more critical problems.\u2019<\/p>\n

\"On<\/p>\n

On average, the number of hydrological events such as floods around the world quadrupled between 1980 and 2017. Image credit – Horizon<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

One of RESIST\u2019s solutions to this problem is called the Remotely Piloted Air System (RPAS). The researchers are planning to use a series of drones and sensors to continually monitor the environment near the tunnel and bridge during periods of intense weather, and check for any issues as early as possible that may result in a closure.<\/p>\n

\u2018It\u2019s going to inform people about the situation, and help with their planning,\u2019 said Dr Amditis. \u2018And the project is going to use drones and sensors to understand exactly what type of measures need to be taken after the event.\u2019<\/p>\n

Breakdown<\/strong><\/p>\n

Such alert systems are not widely in place at the moment, and even when they are, one crucial problem is that these severe events can often be followed by a breakdown in communications networks. RESIST\u2019s idea is to build alternative communications networks, which can spring into action during these events and send information both to the public and to emergency services.<\/p>\n

The ultimate goal is to improve safety for the public. RESIST wants to provide people with up-to-date information, so that they can plan an alternative route if needed or, in the worst situations, avoid travelling altogether. And as extreme weather events increase in the future, such an early-warning system could be crucial.<\/p>\n

But while tunnels and bridges are key pinch points, our everyday transport network will also need to be able to cope with extreme weather. Dr Bel\u00e9n Riveiro from the University of Vigo in Spain, is running a project called\u00a0SAFEWAY\u00a0<\/a>that looks at several sections of road and rail across Europe to see how they cope with severe weather events, and how we can plan for disasters.<\/p>\n

Her aim is to decrease by half the time it takes for emergency services to arrive on a scene if needed, and reduce by a third the time taken to repair roads or rail.<\/p>\n

\u2018We want to integrate new monitoring technologies, including remote sensing and information provided by humans, to have a more efficient monitoring system,\u2019 she said. \u2018The idea is to improve the resilience of our transport network when these kind of events happen.\u2019<\/p>\n

\"In<\/p>\n

In Europe, the number of geophysical events such as earthquakes has stayed fairly constant since 1980, whereas the number of meteorological, climatological and particularly hydrological events has increased. Image credit – Horizon<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Through the\u00a0project, which began in September 2018 and ends in February 2022, scientists will run a number of test projects across Europe. In total, SAFEWAY hopes to collect real-time data from 5,000 billion passenger-kilometres across Europe.<\/p>\n

One study in Portugal will look at several sections of road and rail in the regions of Leiria and Santar\u00e9m, which are at particular risk of wildfires and flooding. Here researchers will assess the threat posed by such events to the transport network. They want to use real-time data from people to monitor traffic, and even track posts on social media, to see if any routes have been affected by weather.<\/p>\n

Another study in the Murcia and M\u00e1laga regions in Spain will use similar methods to monitor the risk from earthquakes. In the UK, researchers will study the risk posed by landslides and flooding during heavy rainfall, using satellite data to monitor regions that could be at risk of landslides. A final study in the Netherlands will practise how best to communicate this information to users, such as using smartphones.<\/p>\n

\u2018It is important to be able to anticipate the occurrences of these events, or anticipate the effects it can have for the users,\u2019 said Dr Riveiro. \u2018We can see every day the effects of climate change are getting more severe.\u2019<\/p>\n

The research in this article was funded by the EU. If you liked this article, please consider sharing it on social media.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Jonathan O’Callaghan\u00a0 From high winds and heavy rainfall to droughts and plummeting temperatures, people in Europe have already begun to feel the effects of extreme weather. As we get used to this new reality, scientists are investigating how it will affect how we get around and whether our infrastructure can cope. Most scientists predict … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":298,"featured_media":641,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[11,16],"tags":[4,79,24,129,28],"class_list":["post-640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-energy-environment","category-technology","tag-environment","tag-research","tag-science","tag-security","tag-technology"],"yoast_head":"\nPreparing for extreme weather - Horizon Magazine Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/640\/preparing-for-extreme-weather\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Preparing for extreme weather\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Jonathan O’Callaghan\u00a0 From high winds and heavy rainfall to droughts and plummeting temperatures, people in Europe have already begun to feel the effects of extreme weather. 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Just months before the world\u2019s first wind monitoring satellite enters orbit, scientists have finalised a climate model with exceptional resolution, and the new\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Earth, Energy & Environment"","block_context":{"text":"Earth, Energy & Environment","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/earth-energy-environment\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Extreme weather events such as heavy storms are becoming more common.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/05\/extreme-weather.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/05\/extreme-weather.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/05\/extreme-weather.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/05\/extreme-weather.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/05\/extreme-weather.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/05\/extreme-weather.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1697,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/1697\/sponge-parks-and-vertical-gardens-how-cities-are-using-nature-to-overcome-extreme-weather\/","url_meta":{"origin":640,"position":2},"title":"Sponge parks and vertical gardens \u2013 how cities are using nature to overcome extreme weather","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"April 15, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"In January 2021,\u00a0Storm Christoph\u00a0pummelled the United Kingdom with heavy rains and the threat of unmanageable runoff. But in flood-prone Manchester, a newly developed park was proving its worth. West Gorton Park had \u2018drunk\u2019 the rainwater, releasing it into the sewer systems over time rather than all at once \u2013 slowing\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Earth, Energy & Environment"","block_context":{"text":"Earth, Energy & Environment","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/earth-energy-environment\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/04\/C-sunken-garden-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/04\/C-sunken-garden-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/04\/C-sunken-garden-2.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/04\/C-sunken-garden-2.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/04\/C-sunken-garden-2.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/04\/C-sunken-garden-2.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":646,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/646\/extreme-space-weather-can-wreak-havoc-on-earth-these-tools-help-warn-of-the-dangers-ahead\/","url_meta":{"origin":640,"position":3},"title":"Extreme space weather can wreak havoc on Earth. These tools help warn of the dangers ahead","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"January 23, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"By Ethan Bilby On a hot day in August 1972 toward the end of the Vietnam War, dozens of naval mines\u00a0off the coast of Hai Phong in North Vietnam began to explode without warning. In March 1989, a magnetic surge tripped circuits,\u00a0knocking out power\u00a0in the entire Canadian province of Quebec.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Space"","block_context":{"text":"Space","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/space\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Image Credit - NASA\/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/01\/sunflarescorona.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/01\/sunflarescorona.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/01\/sunflarescorona.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/01\/sunflarescorona.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/01\/sunflarescorona.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/01\/sunflarescorona.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2533,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/2533\/flood-warnings-for-africa-advance-with-eu-expertise\/","url_meta":{"origin":640,"position":4},"title":"Flood warnings for Africa advance with EU expertise","author":"Horizon Magazine","date":"October 18, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Satellites and on-the-ground sensors are helping Kenya, Ghana and Zambia tackle inundation risks and farmers cope with drought. By \u00a0Anthony King Like most people, Mark Noort reacted with horror to images last month of devastating floods in Libya. Unlike most others, Noort had a professional reason to follow the drama.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Earth, Energy & Environment"","block_context":{"text":"Earth, Energy & Environment","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/earth-energy-environment\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/18-scaled.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/18-scaled.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/18-scaled.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/18-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/18-scaled.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/18-scaled.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":409,"url":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/409\/managing-energy-demand-spikes-with-seasonal-forecasts-of-heatwaves-and-cold-spells\/","url_meta":{"origin":640,"position":5},"title":"Managing energy demand spikes with seasonal forecasts of heatwaves and cold spells","author":"Catherine Collins","date":"August 14, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The impact of heavy droughts, heatwaves and cold spells on energy demand and supplies would be lessened with seasonal climate forecasts that allow energy companies to better predict spikes in usage ahead of time, researchers say. Researchers already have the ability to predict what changes in climate can be expected\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Earth, Energy & Environment"","block_context":{"text":"Earth, Energy & Environment","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/category\/earth-energy-environment\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Researchers want to make climate forecasts more accessible to help the energy and other industries better predict spikes in usage.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/08\/enerind.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/08\/enerind.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/08\/enerind.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/08\/enerind.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/08\/enerind.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/08\/enerind.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/298"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=640"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/640\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/641"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}