{"id":735,"date":"2019-03-19T14:15:05","date_gmt":"2019-03-19T14:15:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=735"},"modified":"2019-03-19T14:15:05","modified_gmt":"2019-03-19T14:15:05","slug":"the-business-of-biodiversity-can-we-put-a-value-on-nature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/735\/the-business-of-biodiversity-can-we-put-a-value-on-nature\/","title":{"rendered":"The business of biodiversity: can we put a value on nature?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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By Gareth Willmer, from Horizon<\/em><\/p>\n

Nature provides people with everything from food and water to timber, textiles, medicinal resources and\u00a0pollination<\/a>\u00a0of crops. Now, a new approach aims to measure exactly what a specific ecosystem supplies in order to incentivise decision-makers and businesses to help combat biodiversity loss.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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The concept of quantifying these so-called ecosystem services, which has grown in recent years, has proved controversial for some environmentalists who oppose reducing nature to numbers. Others see it as a way to get businesses and policymakers to account for nature to make better decisions that preserve biodiversity.<\/p>\n

First, though, working out what ecosystem services we have, and how much of them, requires mapping where they are. To aid this process, a project called\u00a0ESMERALDA<\/a>\u00a0tested tools and methods to help decision-makers map and assess ecosystem services across Europe.<\/p>\n

The end result is an open access\u00a0online tool<\/a>\u00a0that provides full guidance for mapping and assessing ecosystem services.<\/p>\n

\u2018The key message is to show the human dependence on functioning nature. Everything that we get and receive is related to ecosystems and their functions, and biodiversity,\u2019 said Professor Benjamin Burkhard, a geographer at Leibniz University in Hannover, Germany, and project coordinator of ESMERALDA.<\/p>\n

\u2018If we can really show how much a tree, for example, provides us with fresh air or how much carbon it\u2019s sequestering, I think we will have more appreciation of nature\u2019s contribution in society and decision-making,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

Land use<\/strong><\/p>\n

ESMERALDA\u2019s approach takes into account three areas \u2013 biophysical,\u00a0which refers to physical factors such as land use or volume of greenhouse gases \u2013\u00a0sociocultural and economic.<\/p>\n

In its\u00a0country case studies<\/a>, ESMERALDA assessed different ways of\u00a0valuing the three areas. For example, a study on Germany\u2019s\u00a0Bornh\u00f6ved Lakes District<\/a>\u00a0combined biophysical data such as crop volumes and numbers of pollinators with sociocultural information including a survey of people on the aesthetic values of landscapes.<\/p>\n

Prof. Burkhard says that a wide-ranging assessment is important to obtain a full picture. \u2018It doesn\u2019t help you to only have an economic value, but it also doesn\u2019t help you to only have a social value. You need to have the whole set of biophysical, social and economic values for a perfect assessment,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

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\u2018I\u2019m an ecologist and would be happier if people were convinced just by having nice nature and lots of species \u2013 but this is not the way the world works at the moment, and usually the most convincing argument is money.\u2019<\/p>\n

Prof. Benjamin Burkhard, geographer, Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n

On the thorny issue of attaching economic values to nature, he says this approach can help raise awareness among policymakers and businesses.<\/p>\n

\u2018I think it\u2019s at least a good tool to convince many people,\u2019 he said. \u2018I\u2019m an ecologist and would be happier if people were convinced just by having nice nature and lots of species \u2013 but this is not the way the world works at the moment and usually the most convincing argument is money.\u2019<\/p>\n

Prof. Burkhard says that awareness among EU decision makers about ecosystem services has grown over the course of the three-and-a-half-year project, which ended last July. The next stage for upcoming projects will be to start applying the ESMERALDA methodology in real-life situations, such as\u00a0policymaking at a national level on issues such as agriculture, or local spatial planning.<\/p>\n

For Guy Duke at the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) valuing the world\u2019s natural capital \u2013 its stock of natural assets \u2013 could help businesses make more environmentally sustainable decisions. However, he says that we are only at the \u2018tip of the iceberg\u2019 in terms of the number of companies that have started to understand and address this. \u2018There\u2019s a very long way to go,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

Duke leads the\u00a0EU-VNP-Net<\/a>\u00a0campaign – also known as We Value Nature\u00a0– which seeks to encourage businesses to embed the value of nature into their decision-making and apply the Natural Capital Protocol. This is a global set of standards that allows businesses to identify, measure and value what role natural capital plays in their business. The project is run by ICAEW, and other organisations that are part of the international collaboration, the Natural Capital Coalition.<\/p>\n

Catalyst<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018We see our role very much as a catalyst of this idea,\u2019 said Duke. \u2018There has been a sea change in recent years, with the whole paradigm of natural capital finding its way into the policy space and business.\u2019<\/p>\n

Since launching last November, the project has started reviewing barriers and bottlenecks that impede businesses from investing in natural capital, with training to be later developed for companies.<\/p>\n

Duke says one aim is to identify industry sectors in which action will bring the most benefit to nature, followed by specific businesses in those sectors and then individuals with the most influence on shaping decisions that affect natural capital and biodiversity.<\/p>\n

Richard Spencer, head of sustainability at ICAEW, believes the approach is necessary. \u2018To get business to grasp the quite perilous position we\u2019re getting to, you\u2019ve got to couch it in terms that people such as finance directors understand,\u2019 he said. \u2018If it\u2019s economically invisible, people don\u2019t make decisions about it.\u2019<\/p>\n

Spencer says some companies have recognised, for example, that restoring wetlands acts as an effective flood defence, thus saving money.<\/p>\n

Nature<\/strong><\/p>\n

Spencer stresses that the project is not about attaching a single price that commoditises nature but about ascribing a value through a mix of descriptive information and numbers to build a complete story. \u2018We never, ever put a price on nature,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

Natural capital is, however, far from an easy bedfellow of biodiversity and the term has provoked fierce debate among environmental activists such as the British campaigner\u00a0George Monbiot<\/a>\u00a0who argue that the concept is not only wrong, but counterproductive.<\/p>\n

Dr Berta Mart\u00edn-L\u00f3pez, a professor for sustainability science at the Leuphana University of L\u00fcneburg, Germany, who worked on an earlier ecosystem services project called\u00a0OpenNESS<\/a>, warns future biodiversity programmes against putting too much stock in monetary value as a whole.<\/p>\n

\u2018To me, the homogenisation of world views to only one simplistic view that fits with the mindset of monetary values and capitalism is the most dangerous pressure for biodiversity,\u2019 she said.<\/p>\n

\u2018By expressing values of nature only in monetary terms, we are not only overlooking the plural ways by which people give importance to nature, but also neglect multiple actors\u2019 voices and their needs and interests.\u2019<\/p>\n

Dr Mart\u00edn-L\u00f3pez highlighted that nature goes far beyond just providing basic services \u2013 it also offers intangible, non-material benefits that cannot be valued in monetary terms.<\/p>\n

\u2018The multiple ways by which people develop relationships with nature contribute to the construction of our cultural identity, sense of place and belonging,\u2019 she said.<\/p>\n

The approaches that will pave the way for the future, she says, are those that \u2018foster a diversity of world views\u2019.<\/p>\n

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\"Ecosystems
Ecosystems provide us with many of our basic needs, such as clean air, food and water. Image credit – Horizon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

The research in this article was funded by the EU. If you liked this article, please consider sharing it on social media.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Gareth Willmer, from Horizon Nature provides people with everything from food and water to timber, textiles, medicinal resources and\u00a0pollination\u00a0of crops. Now, a new approach aims to measure exactly what a specific ecosystem supplies in order to incentivise decision-makers and businesses to help combat biodiversity loss. The concept of quantifying these so-called ecosystem services, which … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":298,"featured_media":736,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[126,4,25,79,24],"class_list":["post-735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-energy-environment","tag-climate-change","tag-environment","tag-innovation","tag-research","tag-science"],"yoast_head":"\nThe business of biodiversity: can we put a value on nature? - Horizon Magazine Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/735\/the-business-of-biodiversity-can-we-put-a-value-on-nature\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The business of biodiversity: can we put a value on nature?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Gareth Willmer, from Horizon Nature provides people with everything from food and water to timber, textiles, medicinal resources and\u00a0pollination\u00a0of crops. 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