{"id":751,"date":"2019-04-01T11:18:41","date_gmt":"2019-04-01T11:18:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=751"},"modified":"2019-04-01T11:18:41","modified_gmt":"2019-04-01T11:18:41","slug":"online-voting-isnt-ready-for-high-stakes-elections","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/751\/online-voting-isnt-ready-for-high-stakes-elections\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Online voting isn\u2019t ready for high-stakes elections\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"field field-name-field-header field-type-text-long field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>Online voting is often considered a way to improve voter turnout and security. But according to Dr Steve Kremer of the French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation, computer scientists have got a long way to go before they make it a viable alternative to pencils and paper.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>He is\u00a0<\/strong><strong>researching ways of making e-voting secure under a project called SPOOC.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>Why would we want to vote online?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018In many countries, participation in elections has gone down in recent years. There is a hope that online voting could revive this, because voters wouldn\u2019t have to go to a polling station. Young people in particular do everything now via the internet. They could get an email, and vote immediately from home \u2013 it would be more convenient.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018But online voting is not a simple replacement for traditional voting. There are various possibilities, advantages and shortcomings, and those are what I\u2019m studying.\u2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>Why isn\u2019t it a simple replacement?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018Traditional voting, unless it is by post, is usually in a controlled, private environment. Online voting is remote, and there is potentially no privacy. It\u2019s like comparing apples and pears, and people need to be aware of this.\u2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>But we buy things online, and bank online, and that\u2019s safe enough.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018So here there are several differences. One is that there is actually a lot of known fraud in e-commerce and online banking, and it is built into the economic model. If you have a credit card, for instance, you pay your bank for it one way or another. If someone then steals your card details and uses them online, you can be reimbursed by your bank\u2019s insurance.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018The second difference between online voting and online banking is that with online voting the risk is taken by everyone, whether they opt to use it or not. If you opt to use online banking and your details are hacked, you\u2019re the only one who will be impacted.\u2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>So hacking could have a bigger impact by swinging an election. But can\u2019t we make sure everyone\u2019s vote corresponds to what they intended?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018Potentially, yes, but here we run into the final major problem. On the one hand you want to preserve voting integrity \u2013\u00a0that votes correspond to voter intentions \u2013\u00a0while on the other hand you want to preserve privacy. But these are actually opposite properties: the first suggests you need transparency to ensure that the vote is correct, while the second says you need to hide how everyone voted. Combining both properties is very complicated.\u2019<\/p>\n<div class=\"dynamic_article_image_bloc\">\n<figure style=\"width: 2254px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/horizon-media.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3fs-public\/IMCEUpload\/Inria-0267-011-2.jpg\" alt=\"E-voting could be used in low-stakes ballots, but it is not ready to be used in national elections, believes Dr Kremer. Image credit - \u00a9 Inria \/ Photo G. Scagnelli\" width=\"2264\" height=\"1509\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">E-voting could be used in low-stakes ballots, but it is not ready to be used in national elections, believes Dr Kremer. Image credit &#8211; \u00a9 Inria \/ Photo G. Scagnelli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>How far along are we to solve these issues?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018We know relatively well now how to verify elections conducted online, in the sense that a voter can check his or her vote has been correctly registered, and the system can provide proof that the votes have been correctly deciphered. We know how to enforce this through cryptography; the techniques are ready.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018Where these techniques fall short is their reliance on people\u2019s computers encrypting votes correctly. It has been demonstrated that if there is dedicated malware living on your computer, it can switch your vote, so that if you click on candidate A, the computer encrypts a vote for candidate B instead, without your knowledge. There are ways around this problem \u2013 for example, adding a second device such as a smartphone to double-check security \u2013\u00a0but these complicate the voting process, and potentially add other vulnerabilities.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018The current techniques are also unable to protect against coercion \u2013 the possibility that voters are influenced to vote in a certain way. If an election needs to take place (somewhere) where vote buying is a real problem, I believe the problems are currently too difficult to bring online voting to market, and any potential solutions will be too complex to explain to people.\u2019<\/p>\n<div class=\"quote-view quotesBlock quote_horizontal\">\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">&#8216;It has been demonstrated that if there is dedicated malware living on your computer, it can switch your vote.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">Dr Steve Kremer, Inria, France<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>But hasn\u2019t Estonia already implemented online voting for national elections?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018Estonia has, and it is a very tech-oriented country \u2013 it\u2019s often jokingly referred to as e-stonia for this reason. Its citizens have identity cards with electronic chips, which go some way to reducing the risk of voter coercion, as people are unlikely to hand over (something so personal) as their identify card. Of course, there\u2019s nothing to stop someone coming round to your house and forcing you to vote a certain way, but that type of coercion is hard to scale up.\u2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>Do you think it\u2019s worth the risk at the moment?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u2018Currently, I believe that online voting is not ready for any high-stakes elections (such as national elections). On the other hand, there are many elections that are not high stakes. Last December in France, for example, we had all our professional elections, where we voted for union representatives and so on. The stakes for that sort of election are not especially high, in the sense that there is not a high risk of coercion, so e-voting could be a viable alternative.\u2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><em>Originally published on <a href=\"https:\/\/horizon-magazine.eu\/article\/online-voting-isn-t-ready-high-stakes-elections.html\">Horizon<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Online voting is often considered a way to improve voter turnout and security. But according to Dr Steve Kremer of the French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation, computer scientists have got a long way to go before they make it a viable alternative to pencils and paper. He is\u00a0researching ways of making &#8230; <a title=\"\u2018Online voting isn\u2019t ready for high-stakes elections\u2019\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/751\/online-voting-isnt-ready-for-high-stakes-elections\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about \u2018Online voting isn\u2019t ready for high-stakes elections\u2019\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":311,"featured_media":753,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[13,1],"tags":[238,25,79,24,239],"class_list":["post-751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-life-non-humans","category-uncategorized","tag-democracy","tag-innovation","tag-research","tag-science","tag-voting"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.6 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u2018Online voting isn\u2019t ready for high-stakes elections\u2019 - Horizon Magazine Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/751\/online-voting-isnt-ready-for-high-stakes-elections\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Online voting isn\u2019t ready for high-stakes elections\u2019\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Online voting is often considered a way to improve voter turnout and security. 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