{"id":848,"date":"2019-06-24T08:54:19","date_gmt":"2019-06-24T08:54:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=848"},"modified":"2019-06-24T08:54:19","modified_gmt":"2019-06-24T08:54:19","slug":"how-quantum-technology-could-revolutionise-the-detection-and-treatment-of-diseases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/848\/how-quantum-technology-could-revolutionise-the-detection-and-treatment-of-diseases\/","title":{"rendered":"How quantum technology could revolutionise the detection and treatment of diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"
When you hear the word \u2018quantum\u2019, you may imagine physicists working on a new ground breaking theory. Or perhaps you\u2019ve read about quantum computers and how they might change the world. But one lesser-known field is also starting to reap the benefits of the quantum realm \u2013 medicine.<\/strong><\/div>\n
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As part of the EU\u2019s\u00a0Quantum Technologies Flagship program<\/a>, a number of quantum technologies are being developed in Europe to transform a variety of fields. Medicine in particular looks set to gain, with several projects now underway to see how we could improve medical imaging or detect certain diseases more easily.<\/p>\n

One of those projects is\u00a0macQsimal<\/a>, which is using small devices known as quantum sensors to revolutionise several areas \u2013 quantum-enabled atomic clocks, gyroscopes, magnetometers, and more precise electromagnetic radiation and gas concentration measurements. The project, which began in October 2018, hopes to bring their ideas to market as some of the first quantum-enabled technologies.<\/p>\n

\u2018The goal is to put products as prototypes on the market,\u2019 said Dr Jacques Haesler from the Swiss Centre for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), the project coordinator for macQsimal. \u2018At the end, (we want to) be able to take further steps then commercialise these devices. But we also have to think about the next generation of quantum sensors, which will use more fancy quantum effects like entanglement or the superposition of states.\u2019<\/p>\n

Quantum sensors<\/strong><\/p>\n

A quantum sensor is essentially a very small device, perhaps the size of a sugar cube, that can make very precise measurements using the known strangeness of the quantum world. Here, particles are linked as one over great distances, known as entanglement, or even appear in two places at once, known as superposition.<\/p>\n

This could be particularly useful in things like brain imaging. Currently, Magnetoencephalography (MEG) scanners rely on bulky equipment that must be cooled by liquid nitrogen or\u00a0liquid helium<\/a>. As a result, the machines are not only large, but they cannot go near a person\u2019s skull to measure brain activity \u2013 instead measuring from afar with the help of sensors.<\/p>\n

\u2018The goal is to replace these instruments with a kind of helmet on which you could put all the sensors, which you can put on the skull, so you can improve the accuracy of the measurement,\u2019 said Dr Haesler. \u2018You can then make a helmet with hundreds of sensors. So then you can measure at hundreds of different points on the skull where the magnetic field is coming from.\u2019<\/p>\n

The macQsimal project hopes to prove this can work using the magnetometers it is developing. By drastically shrinking the size of the equipment, it could be possible to much more easily detect diseases in a person\u2019s brain. The hope is that within five years, the technology they are developing could be used commercially.<\/p>\n

There may be other benefits as well, such as cardiac imaging \u2013 taking images of the heart to check for diseases \u2013 which could benefit greatly from these smaller and more accurate sensors, and drug discovery too \u2013 finding new drugs to address certain diseases. \u2018Most probably there are much more applications in the medical field,\u2019 added Dr Haesler.<\/p>\n

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\"New
New quantum sensors will use more sophisticated quantum effects like entanglement. Image credit – Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hyperpolarisation<\/strong><\/p>\n

By investigating a quantum technique called hyperpolarisation, other researchers want to see if MRI scanners can be made to be much more sensitive and accurate than they are now. This is the aim of a project called\u00a0MetaboliQS<\/a>\u00a0project, also started in October 2018.<\/p>\n

\u2018We are basically trying to make MRI maybe a factor of 10,000 more sensitive,\u2019 said Dr Christoph Nebel from the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics in Germany, the project coordinator. \u2018Using the hyperpolarisation of biomolecules, which are injected, these molecules are tuned to accumulate in certain tissue. And if they accumulate, the MRI can easier detect what\u2019s going on.\u2019<\/p>\n

Hyperpolarised MRI involves taking images by looking at the minute physics of cells and molecules to see what\u2019s going on inside our body. This is done by using selective biomarker molecules, which at the moment need to be cooled to -270\u00b0C and then warmed up to body temperature. This process not only takes a long time \u2013 at least 30 minutes \u2013 it is also extremely costly.<\/p>\n

But using quantum sensors made with diamonds, the MetaboliQS team think they can conduct the whole process with mild cooling or at room temperature with no cooling at all. This could allow MRI machines to more easily observe time-sensitive effects in the body such as cancerous tissue, and also take more detailed images.<\/p>\n

\u2018When you improve the images you see more details, you can distinguish between early stage illness or later stage, or dead tissue,\u2019 said Dr Nebel. \u2018To have better images means you make your medical understanding much better.\u2019<\/p>\n

This could open up new avenues for MRI scanners too, such as research into implants or understanding how illnesses develop in the human body. And if successful, MRI imaging could be one of the first health areas to benefit from quantum techniques as early as 2020. \u2018Hyperpolarisation is definitely something which may be the first real (medical) application of quantum technology,\u2019 said Dr Nebel.<\/p>\n

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\u00a0‘To have better images means you make your medical understanding much better.’<\/p>\n

Dr Christoph Nebel, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics, Germany<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n

Health conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n

If these projects are successful, the range of conditions they could address are vast. Dr Haesler notes that dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s could both be diagnosed more easily with the help of more accurate MRI scanners. And heart and brain imaging would benefit, allowing for other issues to be seen with finer detail.<\/p>\n

\u2018With these quantum sensors we are currently developing, you can detect new neuron activity quite nicely,\u2019 said Dr Nebel. \u2018We can basically investigate very small molecules, biosystems. This is basically MRI on a nanoscale.\u2019<\/p>\n

The next steps now will be bringing these products to market, and proving they can be commercialised. And with the help of the EU\u2019s quantum flagship program, it\u2019s hoped that technologies like these could be the start of an exciting new quantum era that has a direct impact on our lives.<\/p>\n

And that\u2019s not just within the realms of medicine. The program is also looking at ways to develop better atomic clocks and other devices that could improve, for example, how we use our mobile phone networks. But it is the medical applications that will likely arrive first, with vital implications for our health.<\/p>\n

\u2018In five years, we think that the atomic clock and the magnetometer should enter the market,\u2019 said Dr Haesler. \u2018We are also working on the second generation of sensors, which are more sensitive, and may enter the market in 15 to 20 years.\u2019<\/p>\n

The research in this article was funded by the EU. If you liked this article, please consider sharing it on social media.<\/em><\/p>\n

Originally published on Horizon<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When you hear the word \u2018quantum\u2019, you may imagine physicists working on a new ground breaking theory. Or perhaps you\u2019ve read about quantum computers and how they might change the world. But one lesser-known field is also starting to reap the benefits of the quantum realm \u2013 medicine. As part of the EU\u2019s\u00a0Quantum Technologies Flagship … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":298,"featured_media":849,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,112],"tags":[37,95,275,79,24],"class_list":["post-848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","category-ict","tag-health","tag-medicine","tag-quantum","tag-research","tag-science"],"yoast_head":"\nHow quantum technology could revolutionise the detection and treatment of diseases - Horizon Magazine Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/848\/how-quantum-technology-could-revolutionise-the-detection-and-treatment-of-diseases\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How quantum technology could revolutionise the detection and treatment of diseases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When you hear the word \u2018quantum\u2019, you may imagine physicists working on a new ground breaking theory. 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