{"id":870,"date":"2019-07-08T10:36:53","date_gmt":"2019-07-08T10:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=870"},"modified":"2019-07-08T10:36:53","modified_gmt":"2019-07-08T10:36:53","slug":"schools-and-media-literacy-critical-for-teen-refugees-social-wellbeing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/870\/schools-and-media-literacy-critical-for-teen-refugees-social-wellbeing\/","title":{"rendered":"Schools and media literacy critical for teen refugees\u2019 social wellbeing"},"content":{"rendered":"
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by Gareth Willmer<\/em><\/p>\n

For a teenage refugee starting a new life in Europe, going to school and using digital media form a big part of navigating an unfamiliar society. But appropriate interventions at school and online could help them feel more at home in a new country.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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A\u00a0quarter of the migrants and refugees<\/a>\u00a0who entered Europe last year were children, while nearly\u00a015,000 refugee children were resettled<\/a>\u00a0here \u2013 mostly in the UK, France and Sweden.<\/p>\n

Helping these teenagers to feel socially supported is crucial to their wellbeing and creating a stable future, according to Dr An Verelst, a clinical psychologist at Ghent University in Belgium.<\/p>\n

\u2018If your emotional wellbeing is better, then you are better able to study, achieve academically, find a job and build a family,\u2019 she said.<\/p>\n

Dr Verelst coordinates a project called\u00a0RefugeesWellSchool<\/a>, which is investigating\u00a0five types of intervention<\/a>s aimed at fostering social support and integration. It is running the programmes at schools in four Nordic countries, Belgium and the UK and will work with a blend of about 3,000 mostly refugee and migrant newcomers, but also EU-born children.<\/p>\n

One\u00a0intervention<\/a>\u00a0is teacher-led discussion groups, where both refugee and non-migrant children discuss topics such as friendship, love, discrimination and future hopes, as well as personal experiences. They also share experiences through non-verbal modes such as drawing. Another intervention is\u00a0drama therapy<\/a>, where newcomer children work with trained actors and musicians to reconstruct their stories and engage with themes such as exclusion.<\/p>\n

Teachers are heavily involved. Apart from running many of the sessions, one initiative sensitises teachers to how migration experiences can impact children\u2019s wellbeing and trains them in fostering cross-cultural empathy.<\/p>\n

Interventions<\/strong><\/p>\n

The interventions kicked off in Denmark and the UK this January, with others to follow in the next school year. The aim is to figure out what works best in which school scenarios.<\/p>\n

Globally, there is still little evidence on how well different programmes work, says Dr Verelst, with studies often relying on data from individuals rather than bigger groups.<\/p>\n

Ilse Derluyn, a professor of social work and refugee studies at Ghent University who leads the project, said: \u2018The idea is to give the interventions for all minors, whether they have severe emotional problems or not. We want to focus on the broader scope, and more on social relationships and support.\u2019<\/p>\n

\"Young<\/a>
Young refugees are encouraged to share their story in non-verbal forms, such as drawing. Image credit – Alexander Dummer\/ Unsplash<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Dr Verelst says for children who have experienced trauma, social support is a buffer against developing mental health problems, while stigmatisation can exacerbate those issues. Building social relationships between newcomers and the existing community is essential when it comes to opening the doors to integration, she says.<\/p>\n

\u2018It takes a community and society to help raise, integrate and welcome young migrants and refugees,\u2019 Dr Verelst said.<\/p>\n

Although it\u2019s early on in the project, initial feedback on the interventions is that teenage refugees feel less isolated and the children are improving their understanding of one another.<\/p>\n

\u2018Often the children feel they come from very different backgrounds, but actually they find, \u201cwe\u2019re more alike than we thought,\u201d and the social bonds really improve,\u2019 said Dr Verelst. When it comes to the teacher-student relationship, drama therapy also offers a language to share difficult stories or emotions, she says.<\/p>\n

The project aims to create a honed set of interventions and to share its findings with teachers, the general public and policy makers. \u2018If it can be proved these interventions work, a larger group of migrant children can benefit from them,\u2019 said Prof. Derluyn.<\/p>\n

Media literacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

For young refugees, the challenge of social integration also plays out online. Getting to grips with local media is often overlooked when it comes to helping teenage refugees adjust to a new life. Being able to understand media content and technology \u2013 or what is known as media literacy \u2013 is crucial, according to Dr Annam\u00e1ria Neag, a media literacy researcher at Bournemouth University in the UK.<\/p>\n

This is particularly challenging for unaccompanied minors \u2013 making up\u00a0over 40% of refugee children entering Europe in 2018<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 who are vulnerable to exploitation and other dangers, says Dr Neag. Media literacy can help them make informed decisions to improve their wellbeing and safety, she says.<\/p>\n

For a project that she leads called\u00a0MedLitRefYouth<\/a>, Dr Neag has spent the last couple of years investigating media literacy among 14 to 19-year-old refugees in Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK, with a view to developing educational materials for teachers and youth workers.<\/p>\n

She interviewed children from countries including Afghanistan, Eritrea, Somalia and Iran to find out how they used digital technologies and social media. This involved discussing their understanding of themes such as fake news and cyberbullying. The interviews often took place in the accommodation centres or apartments where they lived.<\/p>\n

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\u2018It takes a community and society to help raise, integrate and welcome young migrants and refugees.\u2019<\/p>\n

-Dr An Verelst, Ghent University, Belgium<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u2018I could see what kind of technologies they had access to in their homes and how they were using it,\u2019 said Dr Neag.<\/p>\n

The children have widely different levels of literacy, education and familiarity with technology, which means their needs and aims differ, according to Dr Neag.<\/p>\n

For example, among children who were unable to read and write, it became clear that they used digital media in a very visual way. \u2018They don\u2019t live in a text-based world,\u2019 said Dr Richard Berger, a media and social science researcher at Bournemouth University who also works on the project. \u2018YouTube is their Google: they use it like a search engine.\u2019<\/p>\n

Social media<\/strong><\/p>\n

The ones who struggle the most to use digital technologies are those using them for the first time, says Dr Neag. Other challenges include not questioning the veracity of content on social media, social media addiction and using platforms for entertainment rather than education, she says, problems which are common amongst many other people today.<\/p>\n

Dr Neag is now developing an app with a colleague at Bournemouth University containing advice on using social media and topics such as fake news. Planned to be ready by August, it is being designed for youth workers, mentors and guardians. It will include features such as other media literacy resources available and a list of online groups of mentors to enable users to link up and discuss approaches.<\/p>\n

\u2018I would be happy if this app was used as a first step in helping unaccompanied refugee children in being more critical about media and civically active online, and understanding better how ads work or fake news is spread,\u2019 said Dr Neag.<\/p>\n

Ultimately, improving media literacy can help empower the children, she says. \u2018To be civically active, have their voices heard and tell their own stories is really important.\u2019<\/p>\n

The research in this article was funded by the EU. If you liked this article, please consider sharing it on social media.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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More info<\/strong><\/p>\n

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RefugeesWellSchool<\/a><\/p>\n

MedLitRefYouth<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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