{"id":947,"date":"2019-09-03T12:21:49","date_gmt":"2019-09-03T12:21:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/horizon.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=947"},"modified":"2019-09-03T12:21:49","modified_gmt":"2019-09-03T12:21:49","slug":"a-climate-friendly-diet-means-rethinking-the-entire-food-system-researchers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/horizon\/947\/a-climate-friendly-diet-means-rethinking-the-entire-food-system-researchers\/","title":{"rendered":"A climate-friendly diet means rethinking the entire food system – researchers"},"content":{"rendered":"
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By: Alex Whiting<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Shifting people to a new diet that is healthier for both the planet and for our bodies will require radical changes in the way food is grown, sold and eaten, including possibly adding a tax on meat and dairy products.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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The standard diet for much of the world \u2013 industrially produced calories and plenty of meat and dairy \u2013 is already known to be bad for people\u2019s health, but it could also spell disaster for the environment.<\/p>\n

Relying on individuals to spontaneously change the way they eat, however, is unlikely to make a dent, without transformational change in the food systems that determine what goes on our plates.<\/p>\n

\u2018People won\u2019t magically change their diets,\u2019 said Dr Marco Springmann, a senior researcher on environmental sustainability and public health at the University of Oxford\u2019s Future of Food programme in the UK. \u2018It requires a great food transformation.\u2019<\/p>\n

Rearing and farming livestock is responsible for\u00a014% of all greenhouse gas emissions<\/a>\u00a0from human activity. Globally, livestock release the equivalent of\u00a07.1 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere<\/a>\u00a0as they digest their food. In all, the global food system produces up to37% of total man-made emissions<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u2018Without dietary changes we can\u2019t stay within 2 degrees,\u2019 said Dr Springmann. He was referring to the Paris Climate agreement target of keeping global warming to well below 2\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels. The Earth has already warmed 1\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

Dr Springmann worked with a team of scientists who developed a\u00a0\u2018planetary health diet\u2019<\/a>, which they claim could feed the expected world population of 9.7 billion in 2050 enough nutritious calories without destroying the environment.<\/p>\n

For many in developing countries it would mean eating more. For those eating a Western diet, it means eating less meat and dairy.<\/p>\n

The bulk of the diet comprises grains, nuts, beans and other plant proteins, together with plenty of fruit and vegetables. Just 12% of calories comes from animal produce.<\/p>\n

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People won\u2019t magically change their diets \u2013 it requires a great food transformation<\/p>\n

-Dr Marco Springmann, University of Oxford, UK<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Food systems<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

But changing the diets of billions of people for the good of the planet \u2013 and their health \u2013 will require dramatic changes to the current food systems we rely upon.<\/p>\n

Food systems encompass everything that happens to food \u2013 from production of animal feed and fertilisers, to farm practices, transport, storage and refrigeration, processing, packaging, sale, and eventually its disposal.<\/p>\n

Most are designed to deliver large quantities of calories as cheaply as possible, but the price of food does not factor in the subsequent cost to the environment or health services.<\/p>\n

\u2018At the moment we don\u2019t pay for environmental degradation or health when we buy foods,\u2019 said Dr Springmann. He suggests taxing meat and dairy in similar ways to how sugar is taxed in some places already. He also suggests another approach could be updating national dietary guidelines.<\/p>\n

And farming practices must improve to reduce water pollution and soil degradation.<\/p>\n

Merete Johansson, founder and director of advocacy group\u00a0Real Food Systems<\/a>, also believes profound change is needed so humanity can redefine its relationship with nature.<\/p>\n

\u2018It\u2019s about nourishing the earth and respecting the laws of nature,\u2019 she said, by creating sustainable and healthy food systems. \u2018If we are to have a chance of survival in the next generation and beyond, we\u2019ve got to radically change our production and consumption patterns.\u2019<\/p>\n

Ideal<\/strong><\/p>\n

The ideal food system would ensure everybody can afford nutritious food produced in environmentally friendly ways, while ensuring workers in the system are well paid, but would generate wealth that is shared equitably throughout the system, according Professor Corinna Hawkes, director of the Centre for Food Policy at City, University of London, UK.<\/p>\n

\u2018We are so far off it right now,\u2019 she said.<\/p>\n

One of the reasons why changing the current food systems is difficult is because the \u2018colossal\u2019 agribusinesses hold most of the power and earn billions of dollars a year from their products, said Prof. Hawkes.<\/p>\n

But\u00a0she believes these companies can\u00a0tweak the system for the better. They could sell animal feed that causes cattle to produce less methane, for example, or sell products with less sugar in them.<\/p>\n

Governments can also introduce policies that\u00a0incentivise companies to behave differently, although more research is needed to understand what are the most effective ways of doing this, says Prof. Hawkes.<\/p>\n

But the considerable buying power of the public sector \u2013 in schools, prisons and hospitals \u2013 can shake up the food system by ensuring every public institution serves nutritious food that has been produced ethically and sustainably.<\/p>\n

\u2018There\u2019s no reason why all of those cannot be achieved,\u2019 said Prof. Hawkes.<\/p>\n

It is currently unclear exactly how much impact government policies such as taxing sugary drinks or using heavy regulation to reduce consumption of unhealthy foods can have.<\/p>\n

There needs to be more research on these before they are rolled out more widely, says Jamie Morrison, head of the food systems programme at the United Nations\u2019 Food and Agriculture Organization. But he said that while governments can push through change, there are already signs that multinationals are seeking help on ways to become more sustainable.<\/p>\n

This is partly driven by their customers demanding change, and partly by their own recognition that the way food is produced and consumed is not sustainable in the long term, he says.<\/p>\n

\u2018The private sector gets a lot of blame,\u2019 he said, but that is where the investments and solutions will come from.<\/p>\n

In-depth analysis of food supply chains could also help governments identify \u2018exactly where we can intervene and with what incentives\u2019 to change company behaviour, added Prof. Hawkes.<\/p>\n

That includes understanding why some products are more profitable than others, and what are the incentives for getting specific products onto the market using certain production methods.<\/p>\n

\u2018The farmers know this; the industry knows this. But it\u2019s not out there in the public realm,\u2019 she said.<\/p>\n

On 26 September, Prof. Hawkes, Merete Johansson and Jamie Morrison will be participating in a session called\u00a0Transforming of Food Systems for People, Planet & Climate<\/a>\u00a0at the EU\u2019s Research & Innovation days to help shape the scope of EU research and policy on food systems from 2021-2027.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

European Research & Innovation Days<\/h3>\n

The\u00a0European Research & Innovation Days<\/a>, which will take place in Brussels, Belgium, from 24 to 26 September, are designed to bring together policymakers, academics, industry, civil society and entrepreneurs to discuss how research and innovation can help tackle the major issues facing the EU over the next decade.<\/p>\n

The idea is to seek a wide range of opinions from experts and interested parties about how to allocate the \u20ac100 billion planned for the EU\u2019s next research funding programme,\u00a0Horizon Europe<\/a>. In addition to conference sessions, policymakers from the EU and national administrations will be available throughout the event in a space called Horizon Village to gather further input from participants.<\/p>\n

The event, which is set to be an annual affair, consists of a\u00a0policy conference<\/a>\u00a0to shape the Horizon Europe work programme, an\u00a0innovation hub<\/a>\u00a0for innovators and investors to network, and a public exhibition called\u00a0Science is Wonderful!<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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