{"id":1172,"date":"2023-09-30T19:45:05","date_gmt":"2023-09-30T19:45:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/joshmitteldorf.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=1172"},"modified":"2023-10-01T16:02:21","modified_gmt":"2023-10-01T16:02:21","slug":"dr-mercola-doesnt-like-seed-oils","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/joshmitteldorf\/2023\/09\/30\/dr-mercola-doesnt-like-seed-oils\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr Mercola Doesn&#8217;t Like Seed Oils"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I\u2019ve learned a great deal from Dr Mercola over the years. His orientation toward natural approaches to long-term health, using diet and lifestyle in preference to pharmaceuticals, aligns with my own. I agree with most of what he has to say.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">So, when he launched a campaign vilifying seed oils in the diet, I stood up and paid attention. \u201cLinoleic acid found in vegetables and seed oils may be the biggest contributor to chronic disease in the Western world.\u201d [from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/takecontrol.substack.com\/p\/linoleic-acid\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr Mercola\u2019s Censored Library<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last spring, he published a <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37513547\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">review article<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on health hazards from \u03a9 6 fatty acids in general and linoleic acid <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(LA)<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in particular. He makes a multi-pronged theoretical case linking LA to defective cell membranes, leading to diabetes, cognitive impairment, heart disease, and cancer. At the end, he tries to tie these concerns to real life results with epidemiological studies. To me, it seems that the theoretical arguments are strong, but epidemiology doesn\u2019t seem to support his fears. In particular, most nuts are abundant sources of LA, and yet nut consumption is robustly linked to good health and long life.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Chemistry background<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Petroleum oil consists of chains of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen. These have no biological presence. Saturated fats (biological oils) in biology are similar chains with COOH at one end \u2014 essentially petroleum-like molecules with vinegar at one end. Unsaturated fats have a double bond between carbons, which is a place where there are missing hydrogens, and an angle or kink in the chain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Petroleum:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Hexadecane_3D_ball.png\/420px-Hexadecane_3D_ball.png\" width=\"420\" height=\"105\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Saturated fat:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone \" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Stearic-acid-3D-balls.png\/360px-Stearic-acid-3D-balls.png\" width=\"425\" height=\"112\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unsaturated fat:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a8\/Linoleic-acid-from-xtal-1979-3D-balls.png\/450px-Linoleic-acid-from-xtal-1979-3D-balls.png\" width=\"450\" height=\"106\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>C<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">omparison:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1470\/2015\/12\/04064755\/Mono-n-Poly.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For omega 3s, the kink is close to the end opposite the vinegar end. For omega 6s, the kink is closer to the vinegar end.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone \" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c5\/Linolenic-acid-3D-vdW.png\/800px-Linolenic-acid-3D-vdW.png\" width=\"251\" height=\"169\" \/> \u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone \" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b8\/Gamma_linolenic_acid_spacefill.png\/165px-Gamma_linolenic_acid_spacefill.png\" width=\"255\" height=\"172\" \/><\/p>\n<h6>(The pictures are alpha linoleic acid, ALA, an omega 3 (left), and and gamma linoleic acid, GLA, an omega 6 (right).)<\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Petroleum oils are biologically inert because there are no enzymes that can attack the carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. But the vinegar end of a fatty acid is a biochemically active site, and each double bond in the fatty acid is another active site.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Food Chemistry<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Animal fats tend to be saturated (no double bonds). They are more viscous. Vegetable oils end to be unsaturated, less viscous, more chemically active.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The double bonds make it easier for the body to work with a fat and put it to use. But each double bond is also a place where oxygen can attack the molecule and turn it into a useless and harmful product. OXLAM means \u201coxidated linoleic acid metabolite\u201d, and it is not a single chemical, but a class of chemical byproducts which, Mercola says, can cause disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even before it enters the body, unsaturated fats are prone to being <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/B9781782422471000053\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">oxidized in high-temperature frying<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Saturated fats are theoretically better for frying because the double bonds in unsaturated fats are target sites for oxidation. So, for home-fried foods, it is safer to use coconut oil, ghee, butter, or lard. Restaurant and commercially fried foods are often made with unsaturated seed oils, which are likely to be oxidized by the time we ingest them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The benefits of maintaining the proper omega 3:6 ratio are well-established. Bodily tissues consist primarily of saturated and monounsaturated fats, which are a readily utilized source of nutrients that support the development and maintenance of cells. The primary PUFAs are omega-3 and omega-6 fats, which the body needs in relatively small quantities [<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9312452\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ref<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">].<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is important to consume sufficient amounts of omega 3 fatty acids to sustain optimal health, with the recommended daily serving being between 500 and 1000 milligrams of omega 3 [<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2212267213016729\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ref<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.CIR.0000038493.65177.94\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ref<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">]. Contrary to previous perceptions, however, consuming larger servings of omega 3 fatty acids does not support an ideal ratio. Instead, excessive quantities of omega 3s may cause additional metabolic damage\u2014similar to that which occurs due to the conversion of elevated LA levels. [from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37513547\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mercola &amp; D\u2019Adamo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is well accepted that omega 3 fatty acids have benefits for reducing inflammation. Mercola claims that animal-derived omega 3\u2019s are better in this regard, on the authority of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sci-hub.st\/https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature13479\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">this review<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. DHA and EPA are long-chain omega 3s, and are converted by our bodies into resolvins that cool inflammation. They come from either fish or ocean algae sources. ALA is a short-chain omega 3 that comes from walnuts, chia seeds, flax seeds and other vegetarian sources. ALA can be converted to DHA in the body, but slowly and inefficiently.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/examine.com\/articles\/can-i-eat-flax-seeds-instead-of-fish-or-fish-oil-for-omega-3s\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Examine.com\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u00a0agrees<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Omega 3 fatty acids in flax seed (as well as in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/examine.com\/supplements\/hemp-protein\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hemp Protein<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) are found in the form of Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA). Not only is ALA not sufficient to supplement on its own<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16825676\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[1]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, but ALA has to be converted by the body into a usable form, and the ratio of conversion from unusable form to usable is rather poor, somewhere in the range of 5-15%<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9637947\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[2]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Omega 3 supplements in the form of EPA and DHA are what the body tends to use for many of the benefits associated with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/examine.com\/supplements\/fish-oil\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">fish oil<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For vegetarians and vegans, supplementing with DHA from algae can &#8220;markedly enhance the DHA status (of serum and platelets)&#8221; and &#8220;provide for the formation of substantial EPA&#8221;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9001371\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[3]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Supplementation of ALA and\/or GLA is not enough<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11090255\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[4]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Theory<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mercola fingers inadvertent oxidation as the process that turns LA into toxic OXLAMs. LA becomes incorporated into cell membranes, where it can remain for years. The membranes are then more fragile, and oxidation of LA in the membranes makes them porous, not functioning as the cell needs them to function. A particular OXLAM called 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) accumulates, and high levels can trigger programmed cell death in the same way that peroxide is designed to do.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1174\" src=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/09\/mitochondria.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"975\" height=\"765\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/joshmitteldorf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/09\/mitochondria.png 975w, https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/joshmitteldorf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/09\/mitochondria-300x235.png 300w, https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/joshmitteldorf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/09\/mitochondria-768x603.png 768w, https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/joshmitteldorf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/09\/mitochondria-382x300.png 382w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cardiolipin, created from four fatty acids, is essential for the efficient operation of mitochondria. Mitochondria are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, and incorporation of LA into cardiolipin is problematic for the mitochondria. Misformed cardiolipin distorts the convoluted shape of mitochondria, impairing their function<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Health statistics<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The epidemiological evidence for Mercola\u2019s worries is weak, and he admits as much. There are conflicting studies, associating LA level <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/png\/ajhb\/2021\/00000045\/00000002\/art00015\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">positively<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.atherosclerosis-journal.com\/article\/S0021-9150(19)31575-8\/fulltext\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">negatively<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> with CV risk. Mercola claims the same is true of LA and diabetes, but the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.plefa.com\/article\/S0952-3278(18)30065-6\/fulltext\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">beneficial<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> effects are documented by epidemiology, while the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/ars.2022.0146\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">paper he cites<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for detrimental effects is theoretical. The effect of LA on cancer is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0002916523005737?via%3Dihub\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">mixed, and too small to measure<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011590\">this study<\/a>, higher levels of circulating LA were associated with slightly lower all-cause mortality. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/bmj\/346\/bmj.e8707.full.pdf\">this study<\/a>, addition of safflower oil to the diet was associated with slightly higher all-cause mortality.<\/p>\n<h2>Nuts \u2014 a counter-example<\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nuts generally have high fat content, with 80% or more of the total calories coming from fat. Most of that fat is unsaturated (87% in peanuts, 95% in almonds, 80% in cashews), so Dr Mercola recommends limiting nuts to a small part of the diet. But many epidemiological studies have associated nuts in the diet with modest but significant benefits for CV risk, insulin resistance, and all-cause mortality,. [<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12916-016-0730-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">meta-analysis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacc.org\/doi\/full\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.09.1082\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">review<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">]<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2>Plasmalogen<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2095809923002709?via%3Dihub\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This recent review<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> highlighted the benefits of omega 3s for brain health. The focus is on long-chain omega 3s, derived from either fish or algae. Plasmalogens are singled out as a promising supplement for preventing and even reversing dementia. Plasmalogens are ether phospholipids constructed by the body out of ingested fatty acids including ALA. Plasmalogens are essential components of cell membranes, especially in the nervous system. Levels decline after age 40, and declining plasmalogen levels are associated with cognitive decline.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Confusingly, the word plasmalogen in the singular is sometimes used to denote a particular short-chain polyunsaturated species, AKA plasmenyl-<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">phosphatidylethanolamine<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Dietary supplements of plasmalogen are derived from cow milk or soy, and have been applied successfully in dementia trials.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Dietary implications<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though there are many things that Mercola gets right, he has never understood aging as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/484749\/preface-cracking-aging-code-josh-mitteldorf-dorion-sagan\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">internally signaled self-destruction<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, so he is more fearful of accumulated damage than I think is appropriate. Oxidized lipids fits well with his damage model of aging. I understand the theory, but I think the real-world evidence of epidemiology is more compelling, and epidemiology tells us that nuts and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/staying-healthy\/harvard-study-high-olive-oil-consumption-associated-with-longevity\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">even olive oil<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> are pro-longevity.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I agree with Mercola that the story about saturated fats \u21d2 cholesterol \u21d2 cardiovascular risk is discredited. Nevertheless, I\u2019m a vegetarian for 50 years now. There is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/joshmitteldorf\/2014\/07\/15\/less-meat-more-life\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">some evidence<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that vegetarians live longer, but my personal motivation is more empathetic than scientific [<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/14\/3244\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">newer ref<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">].\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I continue to eat a lot of nuts in the context of a low-carb vegetarian diet.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I make salad dressing from olive oil and avocados, and cook with coconut oil.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the past, I have gone out of my way to include chia seeds and flax seeds, both for fiber and for \u03a93s. Having learned what I did in writing this piece, I will back off the chia and flax seeds because their short chain \u03a93s do not offer significant value. I don\u2019t eat fish, so I will continue to supplement generously with fish oil and krill oil. It\u2019s possible to get \u03a93s from vegetarian ocean sources, but <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/calgee.com\/products\/omega-3-supplement\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">it\u2019s expensive<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I\u2019ve followed this diet for decades and it works for me, but your metabolism is different from mine, and diets are individual by nature. There is no one optimal diet.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I\u2019ve learned a great deal from Dr Mercola over the years. His orientation toward natural approaches to long-term health, using diet and lifestyle in preference to pharmaceuticals, aligns with my own. I agree with most of what he has to say. So, when he launched a campaign vilifying seed oils in the diet, I stood &#8230; <a title=\"Dr Mercola Doesn&#8217;t Like Seed Oils\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/joshmitteldorf\/2023\/09\/30\/dr-mercola-doesnt-like-seed-oils\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Dr Mercola Doesn&#8217;t Like Seed Oils\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":1175,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Dr Mercola Doesn&#039;t Like Seed Oils - Josh Mitteldorf<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/joshmitteldorf\/2023\/09\/30\/dr-mercola-doesnt-like-seed-oils\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dr Mercola Doesn&#039;t Like Seed Oils\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I\u2019ve learned a great deal from Dr Mercola over the years. His orientation toward natural approaches to long-term health, using diet and lifestyle in preference to pharmaceuticals, aligns with my own. I agree with most of what he has to say. So, when he launched a campaign vilifying seed oils in the diet, I stood ... 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