{"id":164,"date":"2019-03-04T11:15:38","date_gmt":"2019-03-04T11:15:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/niaaa.peachpuff-wolverine-566518.hostingersite.com\/?p=164"},"modified":"2019-03-04T16:14:54","modified_gmt":"2019-03-04T16:14:54","slug":"nih-study-of-brain-energy-patterns-provides-new-insights-into-alcohol-effects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceblog.com\/niaaa\/164\/nih-study-of-brain-energy-patterns-provides-new-insights-into-alcohol-effects\/","title":{"rendered":"NIH study of brain energy patterns provides new insights into alcohol effects"},"content":{"rendered":"

Assessing the patterns of energy use and neuronal activity simultaneously in the human brain improves our understanding of how alcohol affects the brain, according to new research by scientists at the National Institutes of Health. The new approach for characterizing brain energetic patterns could also be useful for studying other neuropsychiatric diseases. A report of the findings is now online in\u00a0Nature Communications<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe brain uses a lot of energy compared to other body organs, and the association between brain activity and energy utilization is an important marker of brain health,\u201d said George F. Koob, Ph.D., director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), part of NIH, which funded the study. \u201cThis study introduces a new way of characterizing how brain activity is related to its consumption of glucose, which could be very useful in understanding how the brain uses energy in health and disease.\u201d<\/p>\n

The research was led by Dr. Ehsan\u00a0Shokri-Kojori\u00a0and Dr. Nora D. Volkow of the NIAAA Laboratory of Neuroimaging.\u00a0 Dr. Volkow is also the director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse at NIH.\u00a0 In previous studies they and their colleagues have shown that alcohol significantly affects brain glucose metabolism, a measure of energy use, as well as regional brain activity, which is assessed through changes in blood oxygenation.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe findings from this study highlight the relevance of energetics for ensuring normal brain function and reveal how it is disrupted by excessive alcohol consumption,\u201d says Dr. Volkow.<\/p>\n

In their new study, the researchers combined human brain imaging techniques for measuring glucose metabolism and neuronal activity to derive new measures, which they termed power and cost.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe measured power by observing to what extent brain regions are active and use energy,\u201d explained Dr. Shokri-Kojori. \u201cWe measured cost of brain regions by observing to what extent their energy use exceeds their underlying activity.\u201d<\/p>\n

In a group of healthy volunteers, the researchers showed that different brain regions that serve distinct functions have notably different power and different cost. They then investigated the effects of alcohol on these new measures by assessing a group of people that included light drinkers and heavy drinkers and found that both acute and chronic exposure to alcohol affected power and cost of brain regions.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn heavy drinkers, we saw less regional power for example in the thalamus, the sensory gateway, and frontal cortex of the brain, which is important for decision making,\u201d said Dr. Shokri-Kojori. \u201cThese decreases in power were interpreted to reflect toxic effects of long-term exposure to alcohol on the brain cells.\u201d<\/p>\n

The researchers also found a decrease in power during acute alcohol exposure in the visual regions, which was related to disruption of visual processing. At the same time, visual regions had the most significant decreases in cost of activity during alcohol intoxication, which is consistent with the reliance of these regions on alternative energy sources such as acetate, a byproduct of alcohol metabolism.<\/p>\n

They conclude that despite widespread decreases in glucose metabolism in heavy drinkers compared to light drinkers, heavy drinking shifts the brain toward less efficient energetic states. Future studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms contributing to this relative inefficiency.<\/p>\n

\u201cStudying energetic signatures of brain regions in different neuropsychiatric diseases is an important future direction, as the measures of power and cost may provide new multimodal biomarkers for such disorders,\u201d says Dr. Shokri-Kojori.<\/p>\n

Reference:<\/p>\n

Shokri-Kojori E, Tomasi D, Alipanahi B, Wiers CE, Wang GJ, Volkow ND (2019). Correspondence between cerebral glucose metabolism and BOLD reveals relative power and cost in human brain. Nat Commun. 10(1):690.<\/p>\n

###<\/p>\n

About the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA):\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), part of the National Institutes of Health, is the primary U.S. agency for conducting and supporting research on the causes, consequences, prevention, and treatment of alcohol use disorder. NIAAA also disseminates research findings to general, professional, and academic audiences. Additional alcohol research information and publications are available at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.niaaa.nih.gov<\/a><\/u>.<\/p>\n

About the National Institutes of Health (NIH):\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

NIH,\u00a0the nation’s medical research agency,\u00a0includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.\u00a0NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research,\u00a0and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit\u00a0https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/<\/a><\/u>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Assessing the patterns of energy use and neuronal activity simultaneously in the human brain improves our understanding of how alcohol affects the brain, according to new research by scientists at the National Institutes of Health. The new approach for characterizing brain energetic patterns could also be useful for studying other neuropsychiatric diseases. 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