The more children are exposed to violence, the more they think it’s normal, according to a study in the current Social Psychological and Personality Science (published by SAGE). Unfortunately, the more they think violence is normal, the more likely they are to engage in aggression against others.
Researchers asked nearly 800 children, from 8 to 12 years old, about whether they had witnessed violence at school, in their neighborhood, at home, or on TV. They also asked the participants if they had been a victim of violence with questions like “How often has somebody hit you at home?” The survey also measured responses to whether aggression was appropriate, such as in the statement: “Sometimes you have to hit others because they deserve it.” The final section of the questionnaire measured how aggressive the child was, based both on their own report and what their classmates said about them.
Six months later, they surveyed the children again, asking the same questions. This allowed them to test whether witnessing violence—or being a victim of it—led to higher levels of aggression half a year later.
The schoolchildren who had witnessed violence were more aggressive. Witnessing violence also had a delayed effect—observing violence at the first phase of the study predicted more aggression six months later, over and above how aggressive the children were in the beginning.
The same effect occurred for being a victim of violence. Victimization at the first phase of the study was associated with more aggression six months later, even given the high levels of aggression at the study’s start.
The increased aggression was caused in part by a change in how the children thought that violence was normal. Seeing violence—at home, school, on TV, or as its victim—made it seem common, normal, and acceptable. Thinking that aggression is “normal” led to more of it.
“Exposure to violence can also increase aggression regardless of whether at home, at school, in or in the virtual world of TV, regardless of whether the person is a witness or a victim,” the authors wrote. “People exposed to a heavy diet of violence come to believe that aggression is a normal way to solve conflict and get what you want in life. These beliefs lower their inhibitions against aggression against others.”
My understanding is that the tendency towards violence is shaped more by genes and early environment. In addition, studies have shown that it is the agressive children who are drawn more to violent media than are less aggressive children. Obviously, I’ve only seen the above study in truncated form, but the problem is that these studies lead people to believe that watching violent media leads to aggressive behavior when in fact it is not that simple. In addition it detracts from the real problem: the need to treat and manage aggressive children’s behaviors before they become a problem in later life.
I simply do not agree with this article. Environment and the predominant ethics of that environment have a much greater influence. My son alone is certainly not a case study, but we have raised him in an average Baptist Christian environment, yet somewhere along the way we conceded to allow him to play the popular Call of Duty video game series. He has witnessed more than his fair share of violence through this game and yet he’s as kind and gentle as a 14 year old can be. he wouldn’t hurt a fly and still cries at sad movies where injustice occurs or violence is perpetrated against innocent persons.
In short, he’s well adjusted because of the environment and the ethics in that environment.