NASA's Webb Telescope Unveils Intricate Tapestry of Star Birth in NGC 604

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has captured new images of the star-forming region NGC 604, located 2.73 million light-years away in the Triangulum galaxy (M33).

The images from Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) and MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) reveal the intricacies of star formation in unprecedented detail, showcasing cavernous bubbles and stretched-out filaments of gas that create a more complete tapestry of star birth than seen in the past.

NGC 604 is home to more than 200 of the hottest and most massive types of stars, all in the early stages of their lives. These B-type and O-type stars, the latter of which can be more than 100 times the mass of our Sun, are rarely found in such high concentrations in the nearby universe, making NGC 604 a unique and fascinating region for astronomers to study.

In the near-infrared NIRCam image, the most noticeable features are the bright red tendrils and clumps of emission extending out from areas that resemble clearings or large bubbles in the nebula. These cavities have been carved out by stellar winds from the brightest and hottest young stars, while ultraviolet radiation ionizes the surrounding gas, creating a ghostly white and blue glow.

At the center of the image is a nebula on the black background of space. The nebula is comprised of clumpy, red, filamentary clouds. At the center-right of the red clouds is a large cavernous bubble, and at the center of the bubble there is an opaque blueish glow with speckles of stars. At the edges of the bubble, the dust is white. There are several other smaller cavernous bubbles at the top of the nebula, including two tiny cavities at the top center of the image. There are thousands of stars that fill the surrounding area outside the nebula, most of them are yellow or white. At 11 o’clock and 6 o’clock there are extremely bright stars with 8 diffraction spikes. There are also some smaller, red stars and a few disk-shaped galaxies scattered across the image. — This image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) of star-forming region NGC 604 shows how stellar winds from bright, hot, young stars carve out cavities in surrounding gas and dust. NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI

The bright orange-colored streaks in the near-infrared image signify the presence of carbon-based molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which play a crucial role in the interstellar medium and the formation of stars and planets, despite their mysterious origin.

Webb’s mid-infrared view from MIRI offers a new perspective on the diverse and dynamic activity within NGC 604. In this image, fewer stars are visible, as hot stars emit much less light at these wavelengths, while larger clouds of cooler gas and dust glow prominently. Some of the stars seen in this image are red supergiants – cool but very large stars, hundreds of times the diameter of our Sun.

At the center of the image is a nebula on the black background of space. The nebula is comprised of wispy filaments of light blue clouds. At the center-right of the blue clouds is a large cavernous bubble. The bottom left edge of this cavernous bubble is filled with hues of pink and white gas. There are several other smaller cavernous bubbles at the top of the nebula, including two tiny cavities at the top center of the image. There are hundreds of dim stars that fill the surrounding area of the nebula. — This image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) of star-forming region NGC 604 shows how large clouds of cooler gas and dust glow in mid-infrared wavelengths. This region is home to more than 200 of the hottest, most massive kinds of stars, all in the early stages of their lives. NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI

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NASA’s Webb Telescope Unveils Intricate Tapestry of Star Birth in NGC 604

Image: NIRCam View NGC 604

Image: MIRI View NGC 604

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