Young witnesses suffer fear, anxiety while perpetrators rarely face jail time, according to study
A nationwide study of children who have witnessed domestic violence found that parents or caregivers were physically injured in more than a third of the cases, yet only a small fraction of offenders went to jail and just one in four incidents resulted in police reports, according to new research published by the American Psychological Association.
“One of the most shocking findings is that less than 2 percent of the cases resulted in jail time for the perpetrator,” said lead researcher Sherry Hamby, PhD, a psychology research professor at Sewanee, The University of the South.
Children were physically hurt in one in 75 cases, but they experienced fear and anxiety much more often. More than half of the children said they were afraid someone would be hurt badly, and almost two in five said the violence was one of their scariest experiences ever, according to the study, published online April 7 in the APA journal Psychology of Violence.
Children who witness domestic violence are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, nightmares, teen dating violence and disruptions with school work, Hamby said. The trauma can be very similar to when children experience abuse themselves, she added.
“Family violence definitely cuts across all segments of society and has a serious impact on children,” Hamby said. “Parents are such big figures in a child’s life. If a parent is endangered, that can threaten a child’s well-being. They get worried that if their parent is in danger, then who is going to protect them?”
The nationwide study included 517 children who had witnessed domestic violence, including beating, hitting or kicking of a parent or caregiver. Three in four children saw the violence, 21 percent heard it and 3 percent saw the injuries later.
The study contradicted stereotypes that domestic violence is more prevalent in low-income or minority households. The violent incidents crossed economic lines, with 28 percent occurring in households with annual incomes under $20,000, 30 percent with incomes from $20,000-$50,000, 18 percent with incomes from $50,000-$75,000 and 24 percent with incomes of more than $75,000. The violence also occurred in families from various races and ethnicities, including 53 percent white, 20 percent African-American, 16 percent Latino and 11 percent other races. Almost three out of every four perpetrators were male.
Researchers conducted confidential telephone interviews in 2011 with parents or caregivers for children less than 10 years old, while children age 10 to 17 were interviewed directly. The survey results were similar from parents or children so it didn’t appear that adults were downplaying the violence, said Hamby.
Many domestic violence victims were dissatisfied with the police response. In cases where arrests weren’t made, almost one-third of adults said police should have arrested the perpetrator, and 13 percent said police should have followed through with the investigation. The study also examined whether police followed best practices, such as providing information about protective orders, domestic violence shelters and safety plans to prevent further violence. Those practices had significant effects on separating victims and perpetrators, but less than half of police responding to the violent incidents followed most of the best practices. “There is a lot of evidence that better training and responses by police could make a big difference for families,” Hamby said.
All 50 states allow arrests in domestic violence cases without cooperation from the victim, but convictions can be more difficult to obtain if the victim refuses to testify, Hamby said. Victims may fear further violence or other repercussions from testifying since most perpetrators who are arrested will be released without serving any jail time, she added.
Fifteen percent of all cases led to contact with domestic violence advocates, but victims reported various obstacles, including lack of transportation, too much paperwork and concerns about losing child custody. The study also recommended other means of reaching victims, including websites, social media and text messages. The National Domestic Violence Hotline, at 1-800-799-SAFE (7223) or http://www.thehotline.org, offers assistance with safety plans and other resources.
wow,the statistics are truly shocking, domestic violence is one of the countries biggest crimes and yet nothing is being done. seems like the justice system is also promoting it by either not arresting these perpetrators or letting them go,it seems like there may be some sort of bribes taking place as no one would allow such thing o happen to their kids.The impact of domestic violence on children can be detrimental on the child’s development and social relations with other people hence lack self-confidence nor motivation. and if its not dealt with,this might lead to high crime rates as these children affected by domestic violence will surely do so onto others as they saw their family doing so.we have so many institutions that can deal with this,but where are they?. i feel like the community leaders should also be taking part here by informing the policy should the kids be scared to do so. Is this how tomorrow’s leaders are born?
The study is shocking how domestic violence cases are not taken seriously when they are being reported to the police. Little care is being shown towards the cases and the level of importance. The impact of domestic violence on children can be detrimental on the childs development and social relations with other people. I feel that it is the responsibility of the parents and the community at large to ensure that children grow up in a safe and sercure environment, and are exposed to things that will have a positive impact on their development. The communtiy should report such cases of violence that the know of in order to eradicate continuation of the violence and children getting hurt in the process. The justice system should also start taking affirmative action of the reported cases and the perpetrators sent to jail.
As children,we find it very hard to can tell someone about the violence happening at home since we are afraid that we may lose one of our beloved but then it seems as if we are the most reliable source of evidence.But still even though we do provide information to the police,it almost always seems its not enough because in most cases,action of arresting perpetrator takes long and thus lead to others to leave it as it is and never report any cases.
If they do get arrested, they are usually released very soon. well one may ask, Is “corruption” playing a role as well?