Researchers at Lund University, Sweden, have taken a snapshot of proteins changing shape, sticking together and creating structures that are believed to trigger deadly processes in the nervous system. The discovery opens the possibility of designing drugs for a devastating neurological disease, ALS.
Research indicates that ALS, in common with other neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, is caused by our own proteins, which form aberrant aggregates that are fatally toxic to our nerve cells. However, it has not been known what causes these proteins to aggregate. Researchers at Lund University have now revealed what happens with proteins during the very first, critical step towards forming larger aggregates.
It turns out that the protein superoxide dismutase interchanges between its normal structure and a misfolded form. During a brief moment the structure becomes partially misfolded to expose sticky patches that normally are hidden in the interior. These patches cause two or several protein molecules to stick together, thereby forming the cornerstone of the larger structures that are believed to underlie ALS.
The research team headed by Mikael Akke at the Center for Molecular Protein Science of Lund University used NMR spectroscopy to create a snapshot of the misfolded structure, which had not previously been seen. Knowledge of the misfolded protein structure potentially makes possible future efforts to rationally design drugs that prevent the misfolding event and hence the development of ALS.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a dreaded and incurable disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle atrophy and respiratory failure. Worldwide, 2 per 100,000 people are diagnosed with ALS each year and 6 per 1 million people suffer from ALS.
The research article “Transient structural distortion of metal-free Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase triggers aberrant oligomerization” will be published online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), Early Edition.
