The 18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections is being held at the Hynes Convention Center in Boston from February 27 through March 2. Day three of this major HIV/AIDS research conference included the following selected presentations from scientists supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health.
iPrEx Update
Robert M. Grant, M.D., of the J. David Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco, presented an update on the results of the iPrEx study. As reported in November 2010, this placebo-controlled clinical trial found that daily oral Truvada (tenofivir plus emtricitabine) was safe and 44 percent effective at preventing HIV infection in the nearly 2,500 HIV-negative gay and bisexual men and transgender women in the trial.
iPrEx Bone Density Study
Kathleen Mulligan, Ph.D., of the University of California, San Francisco, presented the findings of the DEXA study, which examined the effects of daily oral Truvada on bone mineral density using data from a subgroup of 503 participants enrolled in the iPrEx study. The DEXA study found small but significant decreases in bone mineral density among the individuals who took daily Truvada compared with those who took a placebo pill. Given the known association between tenofovir and decreases in the bone mineral density of HIV-infected individuals taking this antiretroviral therapy, the new finding can help scientists begin to determine whether the cause of the observed effect on bone mass is tenofovir, the virus, a host-virus interaction or other factors.
Monkey Studies of Innate Immunity
Vanessa Hirsch, D.V.M., D.Sc., of NIAID in Bethesda, Md., described how variations in the TRIM5 gene affect the level of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), the monkey counterpart of HIV, in rhesus macaques infected with sooty mangabey-derived SIV (SIVsm). SIVsm is a strain commonly used in animal model studies of vaccine candidates. Rhesus macaques can have five different forms of TRIM5 that vary in the degree to which they control virus replication. Dr. Hirsch reported how variations in the TRIM5 protein potentially influence the observed protective effects of vaccine candidates tested in rhesus macaques that are challenged with SIVsm.
CONTACT:
To schedule an interview with NIAID about any of these studies or about other NIAID-supported research presented at CROI, please contact Laura Sivitz Leifman in the NIAID Office of Communications at (301) 402-1663 or via e-mail at [email protected].
NIAID conducts and supports research — at NIH, throughout the United States, and worldwide — to study the causes of infectious and immune-mediated diseases, and to develop better means of preventing, diagnosing and treating these illnesses. News releases, fact sheets and other NIAID-related materials are available on the NIAID Web site at http://www.niaid.nih.gov.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) — The Nation’s Medical Research Agency — includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is the primary federal agency for conducting and supporting basic, clinical and translational medical research, and it investigates the causes, treatments and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit http://www.nih.gov.
