Doctors can predict patients’ risk for ischemic stroke based on the severity of their metabolic syndrome, a conglomeration of conditions that includes high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels and excess body fat around the abdomen and waist, a new study finds.
The study found that stroke risk increased consistently with metabolic syndrome severity even in patients without diabetes. Doctors can use this information – and a scoring tool developed by a UVA Children’s pediatrician and his collaborator at the University of Florida – to identify patients at risk and help them reduce that risk.
“We had previously shown that the severity of metabolic syndrome was linked to future coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes,” said UVA’s Mark DeBoer, MD. “This study showed further links to future ischemic strokes.”
Ischemic Stroke Risk
DeBoer developed the scoring tool with Matthew J. Gurka, PhD, of the Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics at the University of Florida, Gainesville. Previous research already determined the tool, an online calculator, effectively predicts coronary heart disease and diabetes. The tool is available for free at https://metscalc.org/.
To evaluate the association between ischemic stroke and metabolic syndrome, DeBoer and Gurka reviewed more than 13,000 participants in prior studies and their stroke outcomes. Among that group, there were 709 ischemic strokes over a mean period of 18.6 years assessed in the studies. (Ischemic strokes are caused when blood flow to the brain is obstructed by blood clots or clogged arteries. Hemorrhagic strokes, on the other hand, are caused when blood vessels rupture.)
The researchers used their tool to calculate “Z scores” measuring the severity of metabolic syndrome among the study participants. They could then analyze the association between metabolic syndrome and ischemic stroke risk.
The subgroup with the highest association between metabolic syndrome and risk for ischemic stroke was white women, the researchers found. In this group, the research team was able to identify relationships between the individual contributors to metabolic syndrome, such as high blood pressure, and stroke risk.
The researchers note that race and sex did not seem to make a major difference in stroke risk overall, and they caution that the increased risk seen in white women could be the results of chance alone. “Nevertheless,” they write in a new scientific article outlining their findings, “these results are notable enough that they may warrant further study into race and sex differences.”
The overall relationship between metabolic syndrome severity and stroke risk was clear, however. And this suggests people with metabolic syndrome can make lifestyle changes to reduce that risk. Losing weight, exercising more, choosing healthy foods – all can help address metabolic syndrome and its harmful effects.
DeBoer hopes that the tool he and Gurka developed will help doctors guide patients as they seek to reduce their stroke risk and improve their health and well-being.
“In case there are still individuals out there debating whether to start exercising or eating a healthier diet,” DeBoer said, “this study provides another wake-up call to motivate us all toward lifestyle changes.”
Findings Published
The researchers have published their findings in the scientific journal Stroke. The study’s authors were DeBoer, Stephanie L. Filipp, Mario Sims, Solomon K. Musani and Gurka. The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest related to the work.
DeBoer and Gurka’s work is supported by the National Institutes of Health, grant 1R01HL120960. The Jackson Heart Study they reviewed was supported by the NIH’s National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and the NIH’s National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, contracts HHSN268201300046C, HHSN268201300047C, HHSN268201300048C, HHSN268201300049C and HHSN268201300050C. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study they used is supported by NHLBI contracts HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268201100007C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN268201100009C, HHSN268201100010C, HHSN268201100011C and HHSN268201100012C.
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