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South American

Only CS genes were available for co-option and utilization for xanthine alkaloid biosynthesis in yerba mate whereas coffee only had xanthine methyltransferase (XMT) genes. Both CS- and XMT-type caffeine biosynthetic enzymes were present in the ancestor of core eudicots but numerous apparent losses of one or the other or both has occurred during lineage diversification. Gene loss is represented by vertical bar on relevant branches of the cladogram.

Scientists Map Fountain of Youth Genes in Ancient South American Tea Plant

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