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Cell biology

mitochondria

Proteins Shown to Act As ‘Guardians’ to Keep Cells’ Energy Making Mitochondria Safe

The first figure in the paper discusses several stages in the formation of the 20S proteasome, which is shaped like a barrel. This proteasome is marked by the coming together of four stacked rings comprised each of seven protein building blocks known as either alpha or beta subunits. The two rings of beta subunits at the center are sandwiched by two rings of alpha subunits.

How to Build Our Body’s Protein Recycling Factories

An image of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids and proteins, in live cells using an imaging technique called infrared (IR) transmission microscopy. Credit: Y. Lee/NIST

New IR Imaging Technique Reveals Biomolecules in Living Cells

Strength training activates cellular waste disposal mechanisms which are essential for long-term preservation of muscle mass. This is the finding of a University of Bonn research team.

Strength training activates cellular waste disposal

Truck wheels on road in motion

Tiny Particles from Traffic Pollution Disrupt Brain Cell Function

Mutations in the presenilin gene, PSEN1, causes early onset of Alzheimer’s disease in humans and in fruit flies modified to have this gene. A new study led by researchers at Penn State revels that disrupting heparan sulfate–modified proteins in fruit flies suppressed neuronal death and corrected other cell deficits common in early stages of Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases. Pictured here are full fruit fly brains, stained with a marker that indicates cell death—brighter colors indicate higher presence of cell death. Top: A fly with deficits in the presenilin gene—a model for Alzheimer’s disease—with high levels of cell death. Bottom: A fly rescued by disrupting heparan sulfate–modified proteins.

Potential new target for early treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Using a microscopy image and graphic rendering, the artists illustrate a minimal synthetic cell that can sense a directional chemical cue and self-organize in response.

‘Synthetic’ cell shown to follow chemical directions and change shape, a vital biological function

Inhibition of an ESI1 target promotes oligodendrocyte myelin production in mice, as shown as a dense curtain of green strands. This small molecule shows early promise as a potential treatment for MS, and to manage aging-related nerve sheath deterioration, according to study led by experts at Cincinnati Children's.

Breakthrough Treatment Reverses Myelin Damage in Multiple Sclerosis, Study Finds

A drawing of a microscope image showing green fluorescent NK cells clustered around red-stained virus-infected cells, with arrows indicating the NK cells producing and responding to Ccl3

Unexpected Role of Natural Killer Cells in Coordinating Antiviral Response

older Asian woman

Aldehydes a Hidden Culprit Behind Premature Aging

race car

Killing cancer by making it overheat

Zombie cells

Unveiling Zombie Cell Biomarkers and Mitochondrial Rogue Behavior

illustration of hiv and cell nucleus

Simulations show how HIV sneaks into the nucleus of the cell

Breast cancer cells (in blue) eating extracellular matrix (yellow). The bright white spots inside the cells are extracellular matrix components that are being digested by the cells, for them to obtain nutrients to support their growth.

Energy-starved breast cancer cells consume their surroundings for fuel

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